Background: Human colorectal cancer cells overexpress carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). CEA is a glycoprotein which has shown to be a promising vaccine target for immunotherapy against colorectal cancer. Objective: To design a DNA vaccine harboring CEA antigen and evaluate its effect on inducing immunity against colorectal cancer cells in tumor bearing mice. <str...

background: brucella is a gram-negative bacterium, causing acute and chronic infection in humans and animals. cell-mediated immunity is the main protective immune response against brucella spp. activation of macrophages by ifn-γ and generation of reactive oxygen intermediates and nitric oxide are the main immunologic mechanisms responsible for control of brucella infection. objective: to invest...

In this paper we make a survey of some recent developments of the theory of Sobolev spaces W (X, d,m), 1 < q < ∞, in metric measure spaces (X, d,m). In the final part of the paper we provide a new proof of the reflexivity of the Sobolev space based on Γ-convergence; this result extends Cheeger’s work because no Poincaré inequality is needed and the measure-theoretic doubling property is weakene...

By looking at the Γ-convergence of some easy functionals in terms of underlying Young measures, we emphasize the connection of this issue with the Monge-Kantorovich mass transfer problem. After exploring this relationship, we study a typical example in periodic homogenization to realize the difference between the Monge-Kantorovich problem and the usual cell-problem. We also state a version of t...

We investigate the limiting description for a finite-difference approximation of a singularly perturbed Allen–Cahn type energy functional. The key issue is to understand the interaction between two small length-scales: the interfacial thickness ε and the mesh size of spatial discretization δ. Depending on their relative sizes, we obtain results in the framework of Γ-convergence for the (i) subc...

mouse embryonic stem cells (es) are pluripotent cell lines derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. their properties include self renewal and capacity to differentiate into different cell types. neural differentiation of es cells has been achieved by several different protocols such as treating with retinoic acid and serum decreasing in culture media. the ppars (peroxisome proliferat...

Objective It has long been known that chickens, like mammals, are capable of producing antigen-specific immunoglobulin Y (IgY), which functions similar to IgG. The present study was performed to investigate the activity of IgY anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis on proliferation, interleukin (IL)-2, and interferon (IFN)-γ expression of rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Materials and...