The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in sterol production and is the therapeutic target of statins. Understanding HMG-CoA reductase regulation has tremendous implications for atherosclerosis. HMG-CoA reductase levels are regulated in response to sterols both transcriptionally, through a complex regulat...

To elucidate the regulation of serotonin transporter (SERT) function via its membrane trafficking, we investigated involvement ubiquitin E3 ligase HRD1 (HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein), which participates in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated (ERAD), functional SERT. Cells transiently expressing wild-type SERT or a C-terminal deletion mutant (SERTΔCT), protein predicted to be misfolde...

2-Amino-3-ketobutyrate-CoA ligase (EC 2.3.1.29), or aminoacetone synthetase, has been purified by a nine-step procedure from 1.0 kg of beef liver to yield 8.8 mg of homogeneous enzyme. The homogeneous form of the enzyme, a monomer of M(r) = 44,000, shows unusually high absorption at 430 nm, with a ratio of absorbance at 280 and 430 nm of 2.6. On storage a species with an additional absorption p...

In small-molecule organic solar cells (SM-OSCs), it remains a big challenge to obtain favorable bulk heterojunction morphology by donor material design. Herein, we design and synthesize three donors BPF3T-C4, BPF3T-C6 BPF3T-C8, with different terminal alkyl chains. Although they possess similar absorption profiles molecular energy levels, their crystallinity gradually decreases the chain length...

Bacterial degradation of sulfoacetate, a widespread natural product, proceeds via sulfoacetaldehyde and requires a considerable initial energy input. Whereas the fate of sulfoacetaldehyde in Cupriavidus necator (Ralstonia eutropha) H16 is known, the pathway from sulfoacetate to sulfoacetaldehyde is not. The genome sequence of the organism enabled us to hypothesize that the inducible pathway, wh...

the accumulation and composition of berry anthocyanin was measured in vitis vinifera l. cv. yatomi rosa using various light qualities provided by polyethylene films (red, orange, green, blue, and white). the anthocyanin has been enhanced significantly by blue light filter film and suppressed by red, orange, and green films compared to white film (control), which suggests that yatomi rosa has ad...

A new pathway for aerobic benzoate oxidation has been postulated for Azoarcus evansii and for a Bacillus stearothermophilus-like strain. Benzoate is first transformed into benzoyl coenzyme A (benzoyl-CoA), which subsequently is oxidized to 3-hydroxyadipyl-CoA and then to 3-ketoadipyl-CoA; all intermediates are CoA thioesters. The genes coding for this benzoate-induced pathway were investigated ...

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase [acetyl-CoA-carbon dioxide ligase (ADP forming), EC 6.4.1.2] is a biotin-containing enzyme catalyzing the formation of malonyl-CoA. The tissue distribution of this enzyme was determined for leaves of C(3)- and C(4)-plants. The mesophyll tissues of the C(3)-plants Pisum sativum and Allium porrum contained 90% of the leaf acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity, with the epidermal ...