OBJECTIVE An experiment was conducted to study the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTR) of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) genes and the serum eCG levels. METHODS SNPs in 5'-UTR of eCG genes were screened across 10 horse breeds, including 7 Chinese indigenous breeds and 3 imported breeds using iPLEX chemistry, and the associati...

Listeriolysin O (LLO) and ActA are essential virulence determinants for Listeria monocytogenes pathogenesis. Transcription of actA and hly , encoding LLO, is regulated by PrfA and increases dramatically during intracellular infection. The 5 ¢ untranslated regions (5 ¢ UTRs) of actA and prfA have been shown to upregulate expression of their respective gene products. Here, we demonstrate that the...

A 5' splice site located in a 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) has been shown previously to inhibit gene expression. Natural examples of inhibitory 5' splice sites have been identified in the late 3'UTRs of papillomaviruses and are thought to inhibit viral late gene expression at early stages of the viral life cycle. In this study, we demonstrate that the interaction of the human immunodeficiency...

Plus-strand RNA viruses without 5' caps require noncanonical mechanisms for ribosome recruitment. A translational enhancer in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) contains an internal T-shaped structure (TSS) that binds to 60S ribosomal subunits. We now report that the 63-nucleotide (nt) 5' UTR of TCV contains a 19-nt pyrimidine-rich element near the initiation codon t...

mRNA levels do not accurately predict protein levels in eukaryotic cells. To investigate contributions of 5' untranslated regions (5' UTRs) to mRNA-specific differences in translation, we determined the 5' UTR boundaries of 96 yeast genes for which in vivo translational efficiency varied by 80-fold. A total of 25% of genes showed substantial 5' UTR heterogeneity. We compared the capacity of the...

Mutations in the 5' untranslated regions (5'-UTRs) of all three serotypes of the Sabin vaccine strains are known to be major determinants of the attenuation phenotype. To further understand the functional basis of the attenuation phenotype caused by mutations in the 5'-UTR, we studied their effects on viral replication, translation, and the interaction of the viral RNA with cell proteins. A mut...

BACKGROUND The intergenic region (IR) of ambisense RNA segments from animal- and plant-infecting (-)RNA viruses functions as a bidirectional transcription terminator. The IR sequence of the Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) ambisense S RNA contains stretches that are highly rich in A-residues and U-residues and is predicted to fold into a stable hairpin structure. The presence of this hairpin st...