Algorithm Theoretical Basis Documents (ATBDs) provide the physical and mathematical descriptions of the algorithms used in the generation of science data products. The ATBDs include a description of variance and uncertainty estimates and considerations of calibration and validation, exception control and diagnostics. Internal and external data flows are also described. The SMAP ATBDs were revie...

Background: The present systematic review and meta-analysis is designed in order to assess the association between passive and active smoking and lipid profile of children and adolescents. Materials and Methods:  An extensive search was done in databases of Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and CINAHL until October 2017. Two independent researchers screened articles and in the next step, ...

There has been renewed interest in the moral arguments surrounding euthanasia. Some patients are now apprehensive of advanced medical technology which they fear may result in a prolonged and undignified death. In the current situation of scarce resources for health care, both patients and doctors could be coerced into considering active euthanasia if it was legally available. In this paper it i...

Helicopters generate substantial noise levels, especially at low frequency. These noise levels are normally not harmful for rpm Rotation per minute the ear. However, the low frequency content masks the speech . Therefore, pilots tend to set the communication system at maximum level so that the sound levels reach severe amplitudes for the ear. These high sound levels are exposing the ear to fati...

tip leakage loss introduces major part of losses of the rotor in axial gas turbines. therefore, the rotor blade tip has a considerable effect on rotor efficiency. to understand the flow physics of the rotor tip leakage, we solve the flow field for different tip platforms (passive flow control) and by considering coolant tip injection (active flow control). various blade tip configurations such ...

In this paper the designing products of B.A. Sophomore students of architecture in TehranUniversity who were divided into two kinds of learning namely technical and skill-based learning. In technical learningthe subjective steps of creativity process i.e. "insight", "preparation", "incubation", "intuition", and "verification"were discussed and it was suggested that these steps cannot be taught ...

We use passive and active techniques to study microrheology of a biopolymer solution. The passive technique is video tracking of tracer particles in the biopolymer, a technique which is well established. The active technique is based on rotating optical tweezers, which is used to study viscosity. A method to actively measure viscoelascity using time varying rotation of a particle trapped in opt...

Proper selection of energy-efficient agricultural machinery helps to reduce drudgery, increase cropping intensity and time required for field preparation. With conventional tillage implements, multiple passes are obtain desired seedbed which soil compaction due repeated movement tractor in field. combined implements two or more fuel energy In this paper, various researches on active-passive pas...