2 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disease in which upper and lower 3 motor neurons degenerate leading to muscle atrophy, paralysis and death within 3 to 5 years of 4 onset. While a small percentage of ALS cases are genetically linked, the majority are sporadic 5 with unknown origin. Currently, etiological links are associated with disease onset without 6 mechanistic ...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common in boxing and other contact sports. The long term irreversible and progressive aftermath of TBI in boxers depicted as punch drunk syndrome was described almost a century ago and is now widely referred as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The short term sequelae of acute brain injury including subdural haematoma and catastrophic brain injury may lead ...

traumatic brain injury (tbi) is a significant public health concern in our country, because of placing in top three most common causes of death and substantial direct and indirect costs to society. the incidence of tbi in our country is 1.7 times of international incidence. traumatic brain injury induced by primary and secondary mechanisms that give rise to death and neurologic morbidity in pat...

BACKGROUND The optimal hemoglobin (Hb) threshold at which to initiate red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in patients with acute brain injury is unknown. The aim of this survey was to investigate RBC transfusion practices used with these patients. METHODS We conducted a web-based survey within various societies of critical care medicine for intensive care unit (ICU) physicians who currently mana...

Acute brain injury resulting from ischemic/hemorrhagic or traumatic damage is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide and is a significant burden to society. Neuroprotective options to counteract brain damage are very limited in stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Given the multifaceted nature of acute brain injury and damage progression, several therapeutic targets...