Redistributive objectives influence the optimal provision of a pure public good— such as air quality— only if costless transfers are not available. In an urban program, the emphasis in the control strategy will shift somewhat toward goods and services consumed predominantly by the wealthier, such as transportation services, vehicles and fuels. If instruments affect rural areas as well, optimal ...

Environmental pollution control is one of the most important goals in pollution risk assessment today. In this sense, modern and precise tools that allow scientists to evaluate, quantify and predict air pollution are of particular interest. Monitoring atmospheric particulate matter is a challenge faced by the European Union. Specific rules on this subject are being developed (Directive 2004/107...

Although official efforts to control air pollution have traditionally focused on outdoor air, it is now apparent that elevated contaminant concentrations are common inside some private and public buildings. Concerns about potential public health problems due to indoor air pollution are based on evidence that urban residents typically spend more than 90 percent of their time indoors, concentrati...

OBJECTIVES Air pollution exposure induces cardiovascular effects, possibly via systemic inflammation and coagulation misbalance. Genetic variation may determine individual susceptibility. Our aim was to investigate effect modification by inflammation (Interleukin6 (IL6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) and coagulation (fibrinogen Bβ, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)) gene variants on...

1 Section of Hyperbaric Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 2 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for environmental Health, Air Pollution and respiratory Health Branch, Atlanta, Georgia 3 Contractor to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for environmental Health, Air Pollution and respiratory Health Branch Atlanta, Georgia...

air pollution is the most important environmental problem of last century that threatens the health of living organisms, especially plants. so2 is one of the main air pollutants that can cause to imbalance in growth and physiological function of plant in high concentrations. symbiosis of rhizobium bacteria with alfalfa can cause increasing plant growth and plant resistance to abiotic stresses. ...

Ciudad Juárez (Chihuahua) and El Paso (Texas), two cities on the U.S.-Mexico border, form a single environmental system in which the same natural resources, especially air and water, are shared. It also constitutes a single metropolitan area which is characterized by high rates of pipulation growth, economic development, and urban expansion, all these factors mitigating against air quality. Ear...

BACKGROUND National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) scientists shows that long-term exposure to air pollutants increases the risk of respiratory diseases such as allergies, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. Children and the elderly are particularly vulnerable to the health effects of ozone, fine particles, and other airborne toxicants. Air pollut...

Fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) has been associated with many adverse health outcomes including school absences. Specifically, a previous study in the Utah Valley area, conducted during a time with relatively high air pollution exposure, found significant positive correlations between school absences and air pollution. We examined the hypothesis that ambient PM2.5 exposures are associate...