Dual-rail encoding, return-to-spacer protocol and hazard-free logic can be used to resist differential power analysis attacks by making the power consumption independent of processed data. Standard dual-rail logic uses a protocol with a single spacer, e.g. all-zeroes, which gives rise to power balancing problems. We address these problems by incorporating two spacers; the spacers alternate betw...

In present study, a mathematical model of the vehicle–floating slab track (FST) interaction is established to investigate the coupled behaviour of vehicle–track system. The FST is modelled as the double Euler -Bernoulli beam including the rail and slab. The railway vehicle is simplified as a multi-rigid-body model. The wheel–rail interface is treated using a nonlinear Hertzian contact model, co...

This article presents an algorithm that handles the detection, positioning, and sizing of submillimeter-sized pores in welds using radiographic inspection and tracking. The possibility to detect, position, and size pores which have a low contrast-to-noise ratio increases the value of the nondestructive evaluation of welds by facilitating fatigue life predictions with lower uncertainty. In this ...

The study results reported here are part of a larger research project that developed a manual for practitioners to improve safety at rail transit platform/train and platform/guideway interfaces. As part of that effort, passenger injury incident data was collected from five rail transit systems, and interviews were conducted with safety officers at other rail transit systems in the US and Canada...

Methods for multibody modelling and simulation should accurately replicate the dynamic behaviour of rail-wheel interface including precise values for wheel-rail contact positions. This paper studies the development of a novel 3-D wheel-rail contact model which is used for dynamic simulation of a suspended wheelset with parameters listed for a typical Mark IV coach. The contact point locations o...

Dry port is an inland intermodal terminal directly linked by road or rail to a seaport as a center for the transshipment of sea freight to inland destinations. However roads contribute to pollution more than rail. For sustainable transportation systems, we need to improve the performance of rail dry port systems. The purpose of this research is to propose a diagnostic system for modeling and cl...

Detailed yet computationally efficient simulation models are needed to support the design and operation of modern rail infrastructure systems. LIBROS-II is a model component library for microscopic rail operations simulation. Basic rail elements are modeled as atomic DEVS models which are further aggregated into more elaborate rail component models. The latter can in turn be used modularly for ...

Compact low-voltage power-efficient operational amplifiers are described that are very suitable as very-largescale-integration library cells because of the small die area of 0.08 mm and the minimum supply voltage of 1.8 V. A key part of the circuit is the rail-to-rail class-AB output stage with folded mesh feedback control that combines power efficiency with operation down to 1.8 V and allows s...

in this paper, dissimilar resistance spot welding of aisi 1075 eutectoid steel to aisi 201 stainless steel is investigated experimentally. for this purpose, the experiments are designed using response surface methodology and based on four-factor, five-level central composite design. the effects of process parameters such as welding current, welding time, cooling time and electrode force are inv...