The German anatomist and palaeontologist Hermann Klaatsch arrived in Australia to study the aborigines March 1904. aim of his trip was continue research on phylogenetic history humanity test colleague at University Heidelberg Otto Schoetensack’s hypothesis that cradle humankind. He travelled country’s coastline without interruption, except for a few months Java, until May 1906. During trip, whi...

A principled and logical representation of the structure of the human body has led to conflicts with traditional representations of the same knowledge by anatomy textbooks. The examples which illustrate resolution of these conflicts suggest that stricter requirements must be met for semantic consistency, expressivity and specificity by knowledge sources intended to support inference than by tex...

During historical research into the Russian physician Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (1810–1881) and his relation to Dutch scientists in shaping medical science, access was allowed first author of this manuscript fundamental library Military Medical Academy named S. M. Kirov. The is one oldest libraries Russia founded by Pavel Zakharyevich Condoidi, a pupil scientist Herman Boerhaave. Condoidi succe...

We describe an open-source toolkit that enables clinicians, researchers, and educators to build their own web-based biomedical information systems. The Web Interfacing Repository Manager (Wirm) is a high-level application server aimed at medical professionals, allowing them to create individually tailored systems for managing their multimedia data and knowledge. We provide an overview of the fe...

Introduction Professor Emil Huschke (1797-1858), a German anatomist first described the probability of deficiency in the development of tympanic plate of temporal bone, which was named as “Foramen of Huschke” or foramen tympanicum, which usually to get apposed in adulthood [1, 2]. It, if persistent in adult life, may result in complications like herniation of temporomandibular joint (TMJ), form...

In 1875 the Göttingen anatomist Wilhelm Krause described what was briefly the most famous but soon became the most notorious human embryo of the last quarter of the nineteenth century. It was presented as deciding a heated controversy over embryology and evolution, but its status was debated in dozens of publications—until in 1882 anatomists finally agreed that it was the embryo, not of a human...

Lateral cord and median nerve are associated with variations. We observed concurrent variations in the formation of lateral cord and median nerve in thirty two formalin fixed cadavers. In 29.6% upper limbs Lateral cord was formed by anterior division of upper trunk only. In 21.8% of these cases the anterior division of middle trunk formed two additional roots for the median nerve and in 7.8% ca...

Body Worlds [4] is an exhibition featuring plastinates, human bodies that have been preserved using a plastination process. First displayed in 1995 in Tokyo, Japan, this collection of anatomical specimens has since been displayed around the world. Although the exhibition debuted in Japan, the idea for the displays began at Heidelberg University in Heidelberg, Germany, where anatomist Gunther vo...

Few biomedical subjects of study are as resource-intensive to teach as gross anatomy. Medical education stands to benefit greatly from applications which deliver virtual representations of human anatomical structures. While many applications have been created to achieve this goal, their utility to the student is limited because of a lack of interactivity or customizability by expert authors. He...