Based on previous researches and current research indoor contaminations in most of the time were more than outdoor contaminations. In according to, most of our times have been spent in indoor environments (85-90%), therefore, it is necessary to investigate indoor environments. Symptoms of sick building syndrome are Headache, dizziness, drowsiness. Unknown reasons of disease above mentioned and ...

Over half of the total electricity consumption is used in buildings. Air-conditioning and electric lighting are the two main resources of electricity consumption in high rise buildings. One way to reduce electricity consumption would be to limit heat gain into buildings, therefore reduce the demand for air-conditioning during hot summer months especially in hot regions. On the other hand natura...

sustainable architecture is known as an important strategy in recent years and all around the world are cooperating to achieve this by use of natural elements. there are many examples of residential buildings in iran s past and its traditional architecture that the architecture in the interim of paying attention to aesthetic issues and preserving the natural environment acts in a way that meets...

The application of phase change material (PCM) for energy conservation purposes in the residential buildings was investigated in the present study. Two types of building in terms of materials as the lightweight building (LWB) and heavyweight building (HWB) located in a high cooling load demanding region of Iran were considered for the study. Different types of PCM from organic and inorganic cat...

The strategies to reduce the consumption of non-renewable energies in buildings are becoming increasingly important. In the meantime, nature-inspired approaches have emerged as a new strategy to achieve thermal comfort in the interiors. However, the use of these approaches in architecture and buildings requires a proper understanding regarding the features of ecosystems. Although acquiring this...

It is well known that each compact orientable surface R gives rise to a simplicial complex C(R) playing in the theory of Teichmüller modular groups a role similar to the role of Tits buildings in theories of algebraic and arithmetic groups. In this paper we introduce, for each closed orientable surface S, an analogue of Tits buildings more suitable for investigation of the Torelli group I(S) of...

In a continuation of our previous work [20], we outline a theory which should lead to the construction of a universal pre-building and versal building with a φ-harmonic map from a Riemann surface, in the case of two-dimensional buildings for the group SL3. This will provide a generalization of the space of leaves of the foliation defined by a quadratic differential in the classical theory for S...

Mechanical systems are used in buildings to provide conditioned air, dissipate thermal loads, dilute contaminants, and maintain pressure differences. The characteristics of these systems and their operations h implications for the exposures of workers to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and for the control of these exposures. This review describes the general features of building ventilation s...

1. History of buildings and health 1.1 Environmental issues 2. Health effects 2.1 Developing countries 2.2 Developed countries 2.2.1 Cancer 2.2.2 Allergy 2.2.3 Other hypersensitivity reactions 2.2.4 Airways infections 3. Indoor exposures associated with health effects 3.1 Air quality 3.2 Odor 3.3 Chemical compounds 3.4 Particles 3.5 Micro-organisms 3.6 The “Lamp-Post Effect” 3.7 Temperature, an...