Experts of chance discovery have faced a new problem, where the previous methods fail to visualize a latent structure behind observation. Invisible events play an important role in the dynamics of visible events. They are called “dark events”. This paper proposes a new method named “human-interactive annealing” for revealing a latent structure and understanding dark events and illustrates pract...

The effect of short-time and long-time annealing at 250 • C on the conductivity, hole density, and Curie temperature of GaMnAs single layers and GaMnAs/InGaMnAs heterostructures is studied by in-situ conductivity measurements as well as Raman and SQUID measurements before and after annealing. Whereas the conductivity monotonously increases with increasing annealing time, the hole density and th...

The impact of annealing on the structural and magnetic properties of sputtered [Gd/Co]n multilayers has been researched. Structural and phase contrast of atomic force microscope measurements at the imaging of the facet sample cross-section demonstrate that thermal annealing process at 700 K leads to intermixing between Co and Gd layers, i.e. the alloy formation around the former interface. Magn...

In this paper, we propose sequential Monte Carlo simulated annealing (SMC-SA), a populationbased simulated annealing algorithm, for continuous global optimization. SMC-SA incorporates the sequential Monte Carlo method to track the converging sequence of Boltzmann distributions in simulated annealing, such that the empirical distribution will converge weakly to the uniform distribution on the se...

This paper proposes a new algorithm of a simulated annealing (SA): Parallel Simulated Annealing using Genetic Crossover (PSA/GAc). The proposed algorithm consists of several processes, and in each process SA is operated. The genetic crossover is used to exchange information between solutions at fixed intervals. While SA requires high computational costs, particularly in continuous problems, thi...

Harmony search is a new heuristic optimization algorithm. Comparing with other algorithms, this algorithm has very strong robustness and can be easily operated. Combining with the features of harmony search, an improved simulated annealing algorithm is proposed in this paper. It can improve the speed of annealing. The initial state of simulated annealing and new solutions are generated by harmo...

This paper describes a variant of simulated annealing incorporating a variable penalty method to solve the traveling salesman problem with time windows (TSPTW). Augmenting temperature from traditional simulated annealing with the concept of pressure (analogous to the value of the penalty multiplier), compressed annealing relaxes the time window constraints by integrating a penalty method within...

Simulated annealing (SA) algorithms can be modeled as time-inhomogeneous Markov chains. Much work on the convergence rate of simulated annealing algorithms has been well-studied. In this paper, we propose an adiabatic framework for studying simulated annealing algorithm behavior. Specifically, we focus on the problem of simulated annealing algorithms that start from an initial temperature T0 an...