The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of cervical preflaring on determination of the initial apical file in maxillary lateral incisors. Forty human lateral incisors with complete root formation were used. After standard access cavities, a size 06 K-file was inserted into each canal until the apical foramen was reached. The WL (WL) was set 1 mm short of the apical foramen. F...

AIM The aim of this study was to compare sizes of the first instrument with or without a taper that binds at the apical constriction of a root canal after coronal flaring. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 310 canals were evaluated in patients presenting for root canal therapy. Canals with intact apices were selected. After gaining straight line endodontic access, the coronal third was flared ...

Background and Aim: Pulpectomy of primary teeth is commonly performed with hand files and instruments. However, it is a time consuming procedure. Compared to hand files, rotary instrumentation has more advantages. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the cleaning efficacy and time taken for instrumentation of deciduous mo-lars using Reciproc and Mtwo rotary systems. Materials an...

AIM The aim of this study was (i) to evaluate the formation of air bubbles in the apical region of root canal (apical vapor lock) during syringe irrigation, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and (ii) comparative evaluation of the elimination of an established vapor lock by EndoActivator, ultrasonics, and manual dynamic agitation (MDA), using CBCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 ...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare the shaping ability of the ProTaper Universal (PTU; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), WaveOne (WO; Dentsply Maillefer) and ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Maillefer) in simulated L-shaped and S-shaped root canals respectively. METHODS 30 simulated L-shaped and 30 simulated S-shaped root canals in resin blocks were employed and rando...

Extended synaptotagmins (E-Syts) are a recently identified family of proteins that tether the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane (PM) in part by conferring regulation of cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) at these contact sites (Cell, 2013). However, the mechanism by which E-Syts link this tethering to Ca2+ signaling is unknown. Ca2+ waves in polarized epithelia are initiated by inositol 1...

Methods of blocker-induced noise analysis were used to investigate the way in which forskolin and vasopressin stimulate Na transport at apical membranes of short-circuited frog skin transporting Na at spontaneous rates of transport. Experiments were done under conditions where the apical Ringer solution contained either 100 mM Na or a reduced Na concentration of 5 or 10 mM Na and buffered with ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate two root canal filling techniques used in teeth that had their apical foramen disrupted and compare the apical infiltration with an ideal clinical situation. Twenty-seven freshly extracted single-rooted teeth were selected and radiographed to confirm the existence of a single and straight root canal. The crowns were removed at a mean distance of 11 mm from ...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of single- versus 2-visit root canal treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis after a 2-year follow-up period. METHODS Three hundred maxillary and mandibular nonvital teeth with apical periodontitis were treated in either a single visit or 2 visits. The main inclusion criteria were radiographic evidence of apical periodontitis...