Several surveys have shown that about 80% of data in local governments and utility companies are geographical and 1.5% to 2% of the annual budget of such sectors is spent on collecting geographic information. Therefore, such reliance on geographic information has necessitated the development of high quality Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with system qualities such as performance, availabi...

An analysis pattern is any part of a requirement analysis specification that can be reused in the design of other information systems as well. Urban management systems (e.g.: Tax Control Systems, Urban Transportation System) are implemented in a similar way for many counties. This paper proposes three analysis patterns that make possible the reuse of geographic database design for urban area pl...

Processes are central for geographic information science; yet geographic information systems (GIS) lack capabilities to represent process related information. A prerequisite to including processes in GIS software is a general method to describe geographic processes independently of application disciplines. This paper presents such a method, namely a process description language. The vocabulary ...

Spatial references are required when geographical information systems (GIS) are used for the collection, storage and management of data. In the veterinary domain, the spatial component of a holding (of animals) is usually defined by coordinates, and no other relevant information needs to be interpreted or used for manipulation of the data in the GIS environment provided. Users trying to integra...

1 : This paper presents the conceptual design and the related implementation of a bidirectional domain interconnection bridging Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems and Geographic Information (GI) systems. Due to the numerous common interests and the fact that both realms, SCADA and GIS, have their own central information, namely time-based sensor data and geographical posit...

This paper establishes an architecture for global user interfaces by defining appropriate user tasks and designing an agent-based interface mechanism for distributed geographic information services. User tasks include query, display, data integration, and GIS processing functions. The use of intelligent agents is justified in the context of increasing geospatial data volume, increasing complexi...

Over the last decade an increasing number of free and open source software projects have been founded that concentrate on developing several types of software for geographic data collection, storage, analysis and visualization. We first identify the drivers of such software projects and identify different types of geographic information software, e.g. Desktop GIS, Remote Sensing software, Serve...