OBJECTIVE To determine whether antipsychotic drugs are associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism, and to examine risks by type of antipsychotic, potency, and dose. DESIGN Population based nested case-control study. SETTING The UK QResearch primary care database. PARTICIPANTS Patients (cases) with a first ever record of venous thromboembolism between 1 January 1996 and 1 ...

The influence of antipsychotic medication on brain morphology in schizophrenia may confound interpretation of brain changes over time. We aimed to assess the effect of discontinuation of atypical antipsychotic medication on change in brain volume in patients. Sixteen remitted, stable patients with first-episode schizophrenia, schizoaffective or schizophreniform disorder and 20 healthy controls ...

Since the introduction of antipsychotic medication for the treatment of psychosis, a wide range of different types of antipsychotic drugs have been developed while their side effects have become evident. The side effects of both the typical and atypical generation of antipsychotics have important consequences for the quality of life of recipients, stigma experienced and also the level of care o...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between use of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs and incidence of stroke in patients with and without dementia. DESIGN Self controlled case series. SETTING UK based electronic primary care records in the general practice research database (GPRD). PARTICIPANTS All patients registered in the database with a recorded incident stroke and at lea...

objective: the lithium concentration in the plasma is assumed to give someindication as to the concentration of this ion in different organ cells especially incentral nervous system. while the practical value of intracellular lithium measurement is controversial however, erythrocytes have proved to be useful for studying lithium concentration and its transport across the membrane. there are som...

Background: Schizophrenia is one of the mental disorder with many problematic issues, in both psychologically and socially. This disease requires provision long-term antipsychotic therapy, hence could rise other potential health problems. Antipsychotic treatment can cause serious glucometabolic side-effects, including type 2 diabetes hyperglycemic emergency. Recent attention has also been focus...

Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) is a marker for apoptosis, and its protein level is known to be increased in post-mortem Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease brains. tTG is increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, the influence of psychotropic medication on acute cell death has not been studied so far in vivo, although some experiments performed in vitro...

Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that binds to a large number of neurotransmitter receptors, including the dopamine D1, D2, and D4, serotonin and histamine receptors. Its antipsychotic effects are likely the result of potent antagonism at dopamine and serotonin receptors [1]. It is frequently used in Huntington’s disease (HD) since it reduces chorea, is a mood stabilizer, augments antide...

Antagonism of D2-like dopamine receptors is the putative mechanism underlying the antipsychotic efficacy of psychotropic drugs. Positron emission tomographic studies suggest that the antipsychotic effect of dopamine receptor antagonists occurs within a therapeutic window between 60% and 80% (striatal) D2 receptor occupancy. The incidence of extrapyramidal side effects increases above the 80% th...