we introduce and  study  fuzzy (co-)inner product and fuzzy(co-)norm of hyperspaces. in this regard by considering  the notionof hyperspaces, as a generalization of vector spaces, first we willintroduce the notion of fuzzy (co-)inner product in hyperspaces and will apply it to formulate the notions offuzzy (co-)norm and fuzzy (co-)orthogonality  in hyperspaces. inparticular, we will prove that ...

The CO (CONSTANS) gene of Arabidopsis has an important role in the regulation of flowering by photoperiod. CO is part of a gene family with 17 members that are subdivided into three classes, termed Group I to III here. All members of the family have a CCT (CO, CO-like, TOC1) domain near the carboxy terminus. Group I genes, which include CO, have two zinc finger B-boxes near the amino terminus. ...

Femtosecond spectroscopy was performed on CO-liganded (fully reduced and mixed-valence states) and O(2)-liganded quinol oxidase bd from Escherichia coli. Substantial polarization effects, unprecedented for optical studies of heme proteins, were observed in the CO photodissociation spectra, implying interactions between heme d (the chlorin ligand binding site) and the close-lying heme b(595) on ...

We analyze carbon dioxide (CO sequestration as a strategy to manage future climate change in an optimal economic growth framework. We approach the problem in two ways: first, by using a simple analytical model, and second, by using a numerical optimization model which allows us to explore the problem in a more realistic setting. CO sequestration is not a perfect substitute for avoiding CO produ...

Ab initio molecular dynamics and quantum chemistry techniques are used to calculate the structure, vibrational frequencies, and carbon-isotope fractionation factors of the carbon dioxide component [CO(2)(m)] of soil (oxy)hydroxide minerals goethite, diaspore, and gibbsite. We have identified two possible pathways of incorporation of CO(2)(m) into (oxy)hydroxide crystal structures: one in which ...