We develop a theory of stratified $LM$-filters which generalizes the theory of stratified $L$-filters. Our stratification condition explicitly depends on a suitable mapping between the lattices $L$ and $M$. If $L$ and $M$ are identical and the mapping is the identity mapping, then we obtain the theory of stratified $L$-filters. Based on the stratified $LM$-filters, a general theory of lattice-v...

Three situations in which filtering theory is used in mathematical finance are illustrated at different levels of detail. The three problems originate from the following different works: 1) On estimating the stochastic volatility model from observed bilateral exchange rate news, by R. Mahieu, and P. Schotman; 2) A state space approach to estimate multi-factors CIR models of the term structure o...

The images formed by coherent imaging systems are characterized by presence of multiplicative noise with nonsymmetrical p.d.f.s. The examples are the Rayleigh and one-side (negative) exponential distributions. For these cases the optimal L-filters are derived for different coefficient censoring by minimizing MSE of residual fluctuations. Some suboptimal L-filters are considered as well. They ar...

RSPUDT filters based on different width split fingers for IF applications have been developed. Such filters provide improvement of insertion loss comparing to DART-RSPUDT filters. A new optimization procedure for RSPUDT filter design has been proposed, based on the adjustment of RSPUDT through a synthesis grid of narrow structure elements. The width of these elements is equal to or smaller than...

Audio noise reduction system is the system that is used to remove the noise from the audio signals. Audio noise reduction systems can be divided into two basic approaches. The first approach is the complementary type which involves compressing the audio signal in some well-defined manner before it is recorded (primarily on tape). On playback, the subsequent complementary expansion of the audio ...

AIM The Nuclear Medicine Software Quality Group of the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine has conducted an audit to compare the ways in which different manufacturers implement the filters used in single-photon emission computed tomography. The aim of the audit was to identify differences between manufacturers' implementations of the same filter and to find means for converting par...

conclusion various filters are needed to improve the image quality. in this study, seven different filters were implemented and investigated on both noisy and noise-free images. background developmental dysplasia of the hip (ddh) can be detected with ultrasonography (usg) images. however, the accuracy of this method is dependent on the skill of the radiologist. radiologists measure the hip join...