Phenotypic selection is widely accepted as the primary cause of adaptive evolution in natural populations, but selection on complex functional properties linking physiology, behavior, and morphology has been rarely quantified. In ectotherms, correlational selection on thermal physiology, thermoregulatory behavior, and energy metabolism is of special interest because of their potential coadaptat...

The display of courtship behavior has evolved in response to sexual selection driven by competition to obtain mates. Sexually dimorphic mate selection rituals are likely controlled at least in part by genes with sex-biased patterns of expression. In Drosophila melanogaster, male courtship behavior has been well described and consists of a series of stereotyped behaviors. The takeout gene is pre...

For modeling a driver's behavior in route selection in outdoor situations we have two problems: 1-real situation is very often not crisp and deterministic and cannot be described precisely, 2-the complete description of driver's behavior in route selection often require much more detailed data than driver could ever recognize process, and understand simultaneously. In this paper we have designe...

SPITE AND ALTRUISM IN GULLS In recent years, a controversy has developed in evolutionary biology concerning the existence of altruistic behavior in species other than Homo sapiens if true altruism is proven to exist, Darwin's (1859) theory of natural selection would be inadequate to account for all of evolution. This is because Darwin assumed that individual organisms should always act in their...

the effects of isothermal aging at temperatures between 550-850 ?c for durations of 1-100 h on microstructure, tensile properties, and impact fracture behavior of 316l austenitic stainless steel weld metal have been investigated. for this purpose, various techniques including metallographic observations, measurement of ferrite content using ferritscope, and fractographic investigations have bee...