Structure changes of purple membranes during the photocycle were analysed in solution by measurements of the electric dichroism. The D96N-mutant was used to characterize the M-state at neutral pH. The transition from the resting state to 61% photo-stationary M-state is associated with a strong reduction of the dichroism decay time constant by a factor of approximately 2. Because the change of t...

In the main text, we noted that the shape parameters (characteristic length, Λ, and loop radius, Ro) of the patterns only depend weakly on the deployment height. To resolve this height dependence of the pattern length scales, we have performed a series of numerical simulations where we have varied the normalized deployment height, H̄, while keeping the gravito-bending length fixed at Lgb = 3.3 c...

The most prominent feature of sheet material forming process is an elastic recovery phenomenon during unloading which leads to springback and side wall curl. Therefore evaluation of springback and side wall curl is mandatory for production of precise products. In this paper, the effects of some parameters such as friction coefficient, sheet thickness, yield strength of sheet and blank-holder fo...

Springback in sheet bending is a well-defined phenomenon; however, variation of springback difficult to control causing quality problems especially mass-produced goods such as home appliances. As an alternative straight flanging, the rotary die process offers reduced well geometric variation; there little knowledge literature. The effects parameters on behavior flanging and applied appliance si...

In the field of cold bending, it is necessary to use ball mandrels, especially bend thin-walled tubes with a small radius. However, bending process mandrel complex and expensive, easy jam core inside tube. To solve these issues, we designed two kinds hollow non-ball schemes low stiffness that were suitable for radius tubes. We evaluated forming quality numerically influence section length thick...

The effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on bone volumetric density, bone geometry, and estimates of bone strength are not well established. We used peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) to compare tibial and radial bone volumetric density (vBMD, mg/cm(3)), total (ToA, mm(2)) and cortical (CoA, mm(2)) bone area and estimates of bone compressive and bending strength in a subse...

A nine-element analyzer system for inelastic X-ray scattering has been designed and constructed. Each individual analyzer crystal is carefully aligned with an inverse joystick goniometer. For the analyzers silicon wafers with 100 mm diameter are spherically bent to 1 or 0.85 m radius, respectively. Additionally, an analyzer with an extra small radius of 0.182 m and diameter of 100 mm was constr...

Based on three-dimensional theory of elasticity, static analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) cylindrical panel subjected to mechanical uniformed load with simply supported boundary conditions is carried out. In the process, stress and displacement fields are expanded according to the Fourier series along the axial and circumferential coordinates. From ...

Volar fixed angle fixation may be considered as the beginning of a new era in restoring wrist function to patients with dorsally displaced distal radius fractures even in the face of comminuted or osteopenic bone. A thorough understanding of the anatomy of the wrist is a prerequisite when volarly approaching dorsally displaced distal radius fractures. The demonstration of the device theoretical...

We study, numerically and analytically, the forced transport of deformable containers through a narrow constriction. Our central aim is to quantify the competition between the constriction geometry and the active forcing, regulating whether and at which speed a container may pass through the constriction and under what conditions it gets stuck. We focus, in particular, on the interrelation betw...