Opioids are used to manage all types of pain including acute, cancer, chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Unfortunately, opioid-related adverse effects such as respiratory depression, tolerance, physical dependence and addiction have led to an underutilization of these compounds for adequate pain relief. One strategy to improve the therapeutic utility of opioids is to co-administer them ...

Statins reduce atherosclerotic events and cardiovascular mortality. Their side effects include memory loss, myopathy, cataract formation, and increased risk of diabetes. As cardiovascular mortality relates to plaque instability, which depends on the integrity of the fibrous cap, we hypothesize that the inhibition of the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into macrophage...

        The administration of b-interferon is a recognized treatment for multiple sclerosis. The frequency of side effects is an important factor in drug or product selection. In this study, the side effects of three available b<span style="font-family: TimesNew...

Background & aim: The developing countries have the contraceptive prevalence rate of 43%. Contraceptive discontinuation accounts for a large number of unintended pregnancies in these countries. The present study aimed to investigate the factors associated with Cyclofem discontinuation. Methods: This historical cohort study was conducted on 198 females, selected through cluster and Poisson sampl...

Hypercholesterolemia is one of primary risk factors of cardiovascular disease, together with metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes. Although progress has been made, the search for novel methods of preventing and treating dyslipidemia is ongoing and current therapies for cardiovascular disease induce various side effects. β‑glucans are linear unbranched polysaccharides found in various n...

The use of atypical antipsychotic agents has rapidly increased in the United States and worldwide in the last decade. Nonetheless, many health care practitioners do not appreciate the significance of the cardiovascular side effects that may be associated with their use and the means to minimize them. Thus, atypical antipsychotic medications can cause cardiovascular side effects such as arrhythm...

Statins are effective in reducing cardiovascular events and are safe for almost all patients. Nevertheless, intolerance to statins is frequently faced in clinical practice. This is mostly due to muscular symptoms (myalgia with or without increase of plasma creatinine kinase) and/or elevation of hepatic aminotransferases, which overall constitutes approximately two-thirds of reported adverse eve...

High dose intravenous (iv) methylprednisolone (MP) pulse therapy is a highly effective immunosuppressive treatment used in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Active, moderate to severe Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) and neuropathy due to GO are indications for this treatment. Treatment with MP iv in GO is more effective than with oral glucocorticoids and better tolerated. In patients recei...

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States and has become a health problem worldwide. The reported incidence of new cancer cases is estimated at 19.3 million, with a mortality rate of 10 million in the world in 2020. There are several therapeutic approaches for cancer, including chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is consuming anti-neoplastic drugs, alone or in combination. However...

The paper empirically studies whether pharmaceutical firms uses advertising as a signal for high quality drugs. A nested random effects count data hurdle model is introduced to handle the excess number of zero observations in the sample as well as nested random drug, firm and substance specific effects. The empirical study indicate that drug quality (measured as the number of side-effects) do n...