Critical Load (CL) methodology is currently used throughout Europe to assess the risks of ecological damage due to sulphur and nitrogen emissions. Critical acid neutralising capacity (ANC CRIT) is used in CL estimates for freshwater systems as a surrogate for biological damage. Although UK CL maps presently use an ANC value of 0 meq l –1 , this value has been based largely on Norwegian lake stu...

abstract in order to investigation the effect of different levels of onion powdr (allium cepa) on growth performance, survival, fillet composition and hematological parameters of  rainbow trout, a completly randomize design with six treatments and three replicates (15 fish in each replicate) were conducted for eight weeks. experimental dietary included 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5% onion powder. all t...

the term hydrological drought is applied to represent low water levels in streams, reservoirs and lakes as well as a low groundwater level. base flow index (bfi) as one of low flow indices gives the ratio of base flow to total flow and investigates basin’s ability to store and release of water in drought periods. the objectives of this study were to determine bfi and to validate this index in d...

in order to assess the adaptation of elaeagnus angustifolia l. and fraxinus rotundifolia mill afforestation around tabriz international airport, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of trees were measured in 96 experimental circular plots with a size of 300 m2. to study the edaphic effects of these species, nine samples were randomly collected from 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depth of soil...

The network architecture of streams and rivers constrains evolutionary, demographic and ecological processes of freshwater organisms. This consistent architecture also makes stream networks useful for testing general models of population genetic structure and the scaling of gene flow. We examined genetic structure and gene flow in the facultatively paedomorphic Idaho giant salamander, Dicamptod...