Fishes have an enormous diversity of body shapes and fin morphologies. From a hydrodynamic standpoint, the functional significance of this diversity is poorly understood, largely because the three-dimensional flow around swimming fish is almost completely unknown. Fully three-dimensional volumetric flow measurements are not currently feasible, but measurements in multiple transverse planes alon...

Hoxc family transcription factors are expressed in different domains along the rostrocaudal (RC) axis of the developing spinal cord and they define RC identities of spinal neurons. Our previous study using an in vitro assay system demonstrated that Fgf and Gdf11 signals located around Hensen's node of chick embryos have the ability to induce profiled Hoxc protein expression. To investigate the ...

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) was given to neonatal male rats to determine its effects on neurons containing beta-endorphin (beta-END) and alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) within the basal hypothalamus (arcuate nucleus) and caudal medulla [nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS)] and on the levels of beta-END and alpha-MSH within these areas. Immunocytochemical studies demonstrated a redu...

OBJECTIVES To describe our technique in the treatment of significant caudal septal deviation; to evaluate the effectiveness of our technique of caudal septoplasty in the treatment of caudal septal deviations. DESIGN Retrospective review of cases taken from a database of more than 2000 patients who underwent rhinoplasty performed by 1 surgeon in a private facial plastic surgery practice. RES...

The caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) serves as the site of the first synapse for visceral sensory inputs to the central nervous system. The NTS sends functional projections to multiple brain nuclei, with gastric-related projections primarily targeting the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). Previous studies have demonstrated that the majority of caudal NTS neurons that project to...

Expression of the Xenopus Xcad-1 and Xcad-2 genes initiates during early gastrulation exhibiting a dorsoventral asymmetry in their domains of transcription. At mid-gastrulation the ventral preference becomes stronger and the caudal genes take up a posterior localization in their expression, which they will maintain until their downregulation along the dorsal midline. Comparison of the three Xen...

Tenualosa ilisha from Chittagong and Khulna regions of the Bay of Bengal was analyzed which showed that proximate compositions varied among the different portions of fish body. The highest value of moisture found in dorsal portion of the fish (Khulna region) whereas the lowest value of moisture found in caudal portion of the fish (Chittagong region) were 56.59 and 54.69%, ...

En la presente práctica de laboratorio se determinará el trabajo del compresor, a través presión entrada, salida y caudal desplazado por para determinar potencia motor.

In limbed vertebrates, the capacity to generate rhythmic motor patterns for locomotion and scratching is distributed over spinal cord segments of the limb enlargement (e.g., lumbosacral segments), but within this region, rostral segments are more rhythmogenic than caudal segments. The underlying reasons for this rostrocaudal asymmetry are not clear. One possibility is that rostral and caudal se...