An astonishingly broad application potential in biotechnology, biomimetics, and nanotechnology is revealed by studies on the structure, chemistry, biosynthesis, genetics, self-assembly, and function of supramolecular surface layers (S layers). These are monomolecular, crystalline assemblies of protein or glycoprotein subunits and represent one of the most commonly observed surface structures of...

Trypanosoma lewisi bloodstream and culture forms were agglutinated differentially with low concentrations of the cationic compounds: ruthenium red, ruthenium violet, Alcian blue chloride, 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride, lanthanum chloride, and cationized ferritin. The bloodstream form trypanosomes gave the highest agglutination levels with each of the compounds tested. Ruthenium red was the mos...

Insulin hormone is an important part of the endocrine system. It contains two polypeptide chains and plays a pivotal role in regulating carbohydrate metabolism. Insulin receptors (IR) located on cell surface interacts with insulin to control the intake of glucose. Although several studies have tried to clarify the interaction between insulin and its receptor, the mechanism of this interaction r...

7 1 Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria 8 2 Center for Advanced Bioanalysis GmbH, A-4020 Linz, Austria 9 3 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 1

The main purpose of this paper is to design, implement and measure a new sample of mantle cloak. A new method called mantle cloak is introduced by cloaking an object by a single, conformal meta-surface which can drastically suppress the scattering of the desired object. In this paper, a grid lattice is placed around a dielectric object as the cloaking structure. Previously, this FSS has been ut...

1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Plasminogen conformation and activation: structure function relationships 4. Plasminogen binding to the cell surface 5. Mammalian cell surface plasminogen receptors 5.1. Multiple, distinct proteins may act as plasminogen receptors 5.2. A bona-fide receptor must be shown to be at the cell-surface 6. Regulation of plasminogen binding capacity is linked to uPAR-bound...

The surface structure of a gland epithelium (Drosophila salivary gland), particularly that at the junction between cells, was examined under the electron microscope. The junctional surface, which in the preceding paper was shown to be highly permeable to ions, has the following structural characteristics. About two-thirds of it are profusely infolded; the surface membranes of adjoining cells in...

to simulate a new economical architecture for pem fuel cell and investigate the effectiveness of the introduced structure on the performance, computational fluid dynamics (cfd) code is used to solve the equations for a single domain of the cell namely: the flow field, the mass conservation, the energy conservation, the species transport, and the electric/ionic fields under the assumptions of st...