effect of adding melissa officinalis aqueous extract was studied on immune response and performance in 200 ross 308 broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates and 10 observations per replicate. the amounts of 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 ml/l lemon balm extract were added in drinking water for 42 days. humoral immunity was evaluated by injection ...

conclusions this study suggests that the il-7 level of chb patients may be related to tfh cells. in chb patients, il-7 possibly increases the level of tfh cells and hbv-specific cellular immune responses and thereby reduces the hbv dna level. background in patients with chronic hepatitis b (chb), the relation of interkeukin-7 (il-7) to either the t follicular helper cells (tfh cells) or to a sp...

The recent findings that prolonged expression of certain adenovirus (Ad) vector-encoded proteins, including human alpha1-antitrypsin (huAAT), mouse erythropoietin (EPO), and human factor IX, can be achieved in animals that do not mount an immune response to the reporter protein were obtained with mouse strains which have been shown to be capable of mounting a cellular immune response against Ad...

toll like receptors (tlrs) recognize pathogens and generate an immediate defense response by inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which rapidly destroy or limit the pathogens. in their bridging role, tlr downstream signals link innate and adaptive immunity, particularly by mediating dc maturation and activation of pathogen specific t lymphocytes. these pathways lead to the act...

Although host-parasitoid interactions are becoming well characterized at the organismal and cellular levels, much remains to be understood of the molecular bases for the host immune response and the parasitoids' ability to defeat this immune response. Leptopilina boulardi and L. heterotoma, two closely related, highly infectious natural parasitoids of Drosophila melanogaster, appear to use very...

unresponsiveness to hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) has been shown to be associated with dysfunction of the presenting cells (apc) and defect in the specific b-lymphocyte and/or t-lymphocyte repertoires.   direct determination of the frequency of specific t-lymphocytes together with complementary analysis of the naive circulating immune cells could provide valuable information about the cel...

conclusions based on its effects, carnosol might be considered a source of drug, showing effective immunosuppression properties. further studies should be performed on carnosol to develop an effective immunosuppressive drug or coadjuvant for the treatment of disorders caused by an exaggerated or unwanted immune response. results results showed that three high doses of carnosol (0.8, 2.4 and 4 m...