The blood-brain interfaces restrict the cerebral bioavailability of pharmacological compounds. Various drug delivery strategies have been developed to improve drug penetration into the brain. Most strategies target the microvascular endothelium forming the bloodbrain barrier proper. Targeting the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier formed by the epithelium of the choroid plexuses in additio...

BACKGROUND Intravenous iron is typically administered during the hemodialysis (HD) procedure. HD patients may be prescribed high-flux (HF) or high-efficiency (HE) dialysis membranes. The extent of iron sucrose and iron dextran removal by HD using HF or HE membranes and by ultrafiltration rate (UFR) is unknown. METHODS Two in vitro HD systems were designed and constructed to determine the dial...

The most common cause of pyrexial reactions in the haemodialysis patient remains bacterial infections. The incidence of infection is increased in the dialysis patient [1], particularly due to indwelling central venous catheters. Pyrexial reactions have been reported with microbacterial contamination of the dialysate [2], but these are now rare events, due to the regular testing of dialysate wat...

Background: The peritoneal equilibration test involves measurement of creatinine, in blood and dialysate, to assess efficacy dialysis treatment, therefore requires accurate precise measurements. Several exogenous or endogenous substances interfere with some creatinine measurements, including high glucose fluid formulations. Methods: An interference study was performed by evaluating spiked recov...

BACKGROUND Genetically modified mice show promise as animal models for studying the physiology and pathophysiology of the peritoneum during peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods for evaluation of the functional characteristics of the mouse peritoneum have not been studied extensively, and the effects of anaesthesia on fluid and solute transport in mouse models of PD are unknown. METHODS A single ...

BACKGROUND Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key player in modulating inflammation. IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) complex induces the synthesis and secretion of various chemokines, adhesion molecules and angiogenic molecules. We hypothesized that the baseline peritoneal solute transport rate (PSTR) early after commencing peritoneal dialysis (PD) may depend largely on the IL-6/sIL-6R system. W...

this is a letter to editor.there is growing interest in the health benefits of botanical diuretics. (1-2) ‎avicenna (980-1037 ad), the foremost iranian physician,‎‏ ‏introduced ‎numerous herbs as diuretics in his renowned book of canon of medicine. (3)‎avicenna and his followers have recommended herbal diuretics for most ‎ailments accompanied by fluid superabundance like lassitude, oedema, and ...

It is useful for chemical neuromodulation of central nervous system to significantly reduce perception of pain by delivery of the drug. In simple terms, it is a completely internalized system comprising of an intrathecal catheter which is introduced in the fluid containing space around the spinal cord and connected to a drug reservoir sited in a pocket made under the skin. This facilitates admi...