In the present issue of Critical Care, an article by Okumura and colleagues has been published on the problem of secondary contamination following chemical agent release [1]. The authors' draw on first-hand experience [2–5] of the secondary contamination experienced during the Tokyo sarin release in 1995. This experience is important, both for the care of contaminated patients and for the safet...

Tear gas has gained widespread acceptance as a means of controlling civilian crowds and subduing barricaded criminals. The most widely used forms of tear gas have been o-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile and omega-chloroacetophenone. Proponents of their use claim that, if used correctly, the noxious effects of exposure are transient and of no long-term consequences. The use of tear gas in recent s...

in this paper, a formal model for antivirus update agent system is presented based on mobile agent technology and predicate/transition petri nets. the mobile agent system contains two mobile agents called dca and una. it sends out agents to update antivirus on client computers in a network. each agent takes on a specified responsibility. first, dca roams through the network and check the last d...

background: exposure of the gingival sulcus while controlling hemorrhage is prerequisites for maximizing treatment outcomes of cervical carious lesions and for obtaining quality impressions for the fabrication of indirect restorations with cervical fi nish lines. gingival retraction cords saturated with different chemical agents are widely used for this purpose. the aim of this study was to inv...

sulfur mustard (sm) is a chemical warfare agent which was widely used in the world war i and more recently during gulf war in the early 1980s'. sm is a strong alkylating agent with known mutagenic and carcinogenic effects but only few studies have been published on its teratogenicity. since sm has been widely used as a chemical weapon by the iraqi regime against the iranian soldiers as well as ...

utilization of long fiber chemical pulp to enhance the strength properties of mechanical and chemi-mechanical pulp is served as a common approach by the papermakers. therefore softwood long fibers were exposed to chemical modification by cationic agent, eptmac, with the aim of reducing its consumption. then, the cationised fibers were mixed with cmp pulp with given ratios and the handsheets wer...

The remediation methods of heavy metal contaminated soil can be divided into bioremediation, physical and chemical remediation. Chemical mainly includes leaching curing. There are two kinds methods: in situ ectopic eluent metals inorganic eluent, chelating agent, surfactant so on. Soil applied to the alone or combined with other methods.

when tc-99m-sulfur colloid was introduced as an ideal liver-spleen agent in nuclear medicine, many other types of colloids followed by different manufacturers. they hoped to find a suitable colloidal agent, contrary to sulfur colloid, which is easy to use, and less sensitive to the low contamination of aluminum ions. one of this type of colloid agents, is tc-99-tin-colloid which is prepared by ...