BACKGROUND Evolutionary arms race plays a major role in shaping biological diversity. In microbial systems, competition often involves chemical warfare and the production of bacteriocins, narrow-spectrum toxins aimed at killing closely related strains by forming pores in their target's membrane or by degrading the target's RNA or DNA. Although many empirical and theoretical studies describe com...

Increased demand for corn for ethanol production has helped push grain prices to record levels. This has increased livestock production costs, and producers have responded with changes to production systems. This paper explores the degree to which costs can be mitigated with alternative feeds, the effect this might have on physical performance, and the impact of alternative feeds on the competi...

The paper considers mechanisms for organizing free trade in the electricity market that are based on submitting bids of energy consumers and producers to the market operator. The authors discuss and compare possible strategies of generator behavior that lead to different equilibrium situations and correspond to Cournot model and the models of supply function equilibria, and a perfectly competit...

We examine a competitive market in which producers and consumers are scattered around the economy, linked by a network with finite capacity, along which the good has to be delivered for consumption. A most prominent example would be the deregulated electric power market. Because of the complexity of transaction across the network, the equilibrium allocation is generally complicated. However, we...

The wine industry is traditional sector in the Bulgarian economy. However, at end of XX century it faced various challenges. Later, has started to restore and developed number areas. Nowadays new characteristics, based on its strengths weaknesses. Thus, purpose current study identify competitive advantages Bulgaria. object research are producers, who small middle size enterprises (SMEs). focus ...

Antibiotic-producing microorganisms can gain a selective advantage by inhibiting nearby competing species. However, despite their genetic potential, natural isolates often make only small amounts of antibiotics and laboratory evolution can lead to loss rather than enhancement of antibiotic production. We sought to understand selection for antibiotic production in natural and engineered ecosyste...