What are the origins of elite splits? Why do regional elites break away from central and develop parties? This paper contends that intra-elite differences more likely to be politicized when an economic shock exacerbates pre-existing asymmetric preferences disadvantaged can mobilize electorate on basis identity. I employ constituency-level data Catalonia spanning late 19th early 20th century tes...

In this paper, we consider the problem of cross-formalism transfer in parsing. We are interested in parsing constituencybased grammars such as HPSG and CCG using a small amount of data specific for the target formalism, and a large quantity of coarse CFG annotations from the Penn Treebank. While all of the target formalisms share a similar basic syntactic structure with Penn Treebank CFG, they ...

This research note reports on the work in progress which regards automatic transformation of phrase-structure syntactic trees of Arabic into dependency-driven analytical ones. Guidelines for these descriptions have been developed at the Linguistic Data Consortium, University of Pennsylvania, and at the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics and the Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, res...

The Youth Enterprise Development Fund (YEDF) was introduced in 2006 as a strategy to broaden economic opportunities and promote youth participation nation building. effective utilization of the fund is vital if its objective empowering young people through entrepreneurship. This study aimed evaluate correlation between financial management skills business development among groups Baringo South ...

We present a constituency parsing system for Modern Hebrew. The system is based on the PCFG-LA parsing method of Petrov et al. (2006), which is extended in various ways in order to accommodate the specificities of Hebrew as a morphologically rich language with a small treebank. We show that parsing performance can be enhanced by utilizing a language resource external to the treebank, specifical...