How much can a constituency influence the power of its representative in the legislature? We develop a theoretical model of the constituency basis of legislator influence. The key players in the model are interest groups who may receive targeted transfers from the legislature. The model predicts that the amount of transfers that such groups receive is increasing in their ability to help a party...

the persian morpheme ra has attracted the attention of many linguists including karimi (1989), dabir-moghaddam (1990) and ghomeshi (1996) among others. karimi takes ra as the accusative case marker, the presence of which on subjects and objects of prepositions render the sentence ungrammatical. according to ghomeshi (1996), it marks dps functioning as vp-level topics. dabir-moghaddam (1990) ana...

How can a constituency continue to receive targeted benefits even without a representative in the legislature? We provide a theoretical model to demonstrate why constituency groups linked to specific candidates would receive politicized government transfers even when the group loses its representative in the legislature. The model also suggests that the amount of transfers a group with a repres...

Syntactic parsers are designed to detect the complete syntactic structure of grammatically correct sentences. In this paper, we introduce the concept of n-gram parsing, which corresponds to generating the constituency parse tree of n consecutive words in a sentence. We create a stand-alone n-gram parser derived from a baseline full discriminative constituency parser and analyze the characterist...

We present a novel translation model, which simultaneously exploits the constituency and dependency trees on the source side, to combine the advantages of two types of trees. We take head-dependents relations of dependency trees as backbone and incorporate phrasal nodes of constituency trees as the source side of our translation rules, and the target side as strings. Our rules hold the property...

Syntactic parsers are designed to detect the complete syntactic structure of grammatically correct sentences. In this paper, we introduce the concept of n -gram parsing, which corresponds to generating the constituency parse tree of n consecutive words in a sentence. We create a stand-alone n -gram parser derived from a baseline full discriminative constituency parser and analyze the characteri...

The present paper details the process followed for creating training and test corpora for a dependency parser generator (Maltparser). The starting point is the Cast3LB corpus, which contains constituency analyses of Spanish texts. These constituency analyses are automatically transformed into dependency analyses. In addition, the empirically and semiautomatically obtention of a set of syntactic...

The study's general objective was to determine the influence of stakeholders’ involvement on project life-cycle and sustainability National Government Constituency Development Fund projects in Kenya; A case Likoni constituency. specific objectives study were; how stakeholders' identification NG-CDF Kenya, assess planning understand implementation Kenya lastly establish monitoring Kenya. anchore...