Say that two sentences are factually equivalent when they describe the same facts or situations, understood as worldly items, i.e. as bits of reality rather than as representations of reality. The notion of factual equivalence is certainly of central interest to philosophical semantics, but it plays a role in a much wider range of philosophical areas. What is the logic of factual equivalence? T...

This study investigates whether gender differences in adolescents’ advertising judgments and purchase intentions are due to their level of involvement with the advertised product, and with the claim made in the ad, i.e. whether evaluative versus factual message claims are used. Male (n = 115) and female adolescents (n = 127) were randomly assigned to a mixed design. They read either factual or ...

The present article explores how factual and fictional media portrayals may activate culturally shared racial and gender stereotypes and influence subsequent judgments involving members of stereotyped groups. In line with previous research (Power, Murphy, and Coover 1996), new data are presented that demonstrate that exposure to a stereotypic or counterstereotypic portrayal primes consistent in...

Peter Collins, who worked as a policy officer and historian for the Royal Society for 32 years, has written an invaluable, eye-opening account of this premier organization for science, from the Tercentenary of 1960 through to the 350th anniversary of 2010. In doing so he fills a considerable gap in the historical literature. The account is meticulously sourced, drawing on Collins’ unparalleled ...

A novel transient outward K(+) current that exhibits inward-going rectification (I(to.ir)) was identified in guinea pig atrial and ventricular myocytes. I(to.ir) was insensitive to 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) but was blocked by 200 micromol/l Ba(2+) or removal of external K(+). The zero current potential shifted 51-53 mV/decade change in external K(+). I(to.ir) density was twofold greater in ventric...

BACKGROUND Barriers to public support for naloxone distribution include lack of knowledge, concerns about potential unintended consequences, and lack of sympathy for people at risk of overdose. METHODS A randomized survey experiment was conducted with a nationally-representative web-based survey research panel (GfK KnowledgePanel). Participants were randomly assigned to read different message...

There are several RDF (Resource Description Framework) knowledge bases that store community-generated categories of entities and conceptual or factual information about entities. These two types of information may have strong associations; for example, entities categorized in People from Korea (categorial information) have a high probability of being a person (conceptual information) and being ...