objective(s): atherosclerosis is a chronic immune-inflammatory disease that generally leads to ischemic heart disease. ghrelin has several modulatory effects on cardiovascular system. in this study, we investigated the effect of ghrelin on aortic intima-media thickness, size and the number of adipocyte cells in obese and control mice. materials and methods:this study was conducted on 24 male c5...

control chart is the most well-known chart to monitor the number of nonconformities per inspection unit where each sample consists of constant size. generally, the design of a control chart requires determination of sample size, sampling interval, and control limits width. optimally selecting these parameters depends on several process parameters, which have been considered from statistical and...

A long-standing biological question is how a eukaryotic cell controls the size of its nucleus. We report here that in fission yeast, nuclear size is proportional to cell size over a 35-fold range, and use mutants to show that a 16-fold change in nuclear DNA content does not influence the relative size of the nucleus. Multi-nucleated cells with unevenly distributed nuclei reveal that nuclei surr...

SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY—THE DYNAMIC MODIFICATION of functional synaptic strength between neurons of the central nervous system—is generally believed to be a physical mechanism underlying learning and memory.An individual neuron in the mammalian CNS may contain up to 10,000 synaptic connections. Furthermore, small groups of synapses can be independently regulated: Synaptic enhancement induced at one...

This paper presents a model of optimal control of corporate boards of directors. In particular, we determine when one would expect inside directors or outside directors to control the board, when the controlling party will delegate decision-making to the other party, the extent of communication with the deciding party, and the number of outside directors. Our model incorporates the traditional ...

The size and shape of organs are characteristic for each species. Even when organisms develop to different sizes due to varying environmental conditions, such as nutrition, organ size follows species-specific rules of proportionality to the rest of the body, a phenomenon referred to as allometry. Therefore, for a given environment, organs stop growth at a predictable size set by the species's g...