In this problem, two types of data will be available. The first type of data we will have is called presence records. Presence records are pixels on the grid map where the species of concern was observed. The same pixel may be present multiple times if the species was observed more than one time within that pixel. The second type of data we will have is called environmental variables. Each envi...

Zt e −αty i ht(x i) ; where α t = 1 2 ln 1−t t , t = err Dt (h t), and Z t is normalization factor. end output: final/combined hypothesis: H(x) = sign(T t=1 α t h t (x)). Last time, we have shown that the training error goes down very quickly with respect to the number of rounds of boosting T 1. However, what is the performance of the generalization error of AdaBoost? How do we estimate the upp...

We explicitly evaluate the free energy of the random cluster model at its critical point for 0 < q < 4 using an exact result due to Baxter, Temperley and Ashley. It is found that the resulting expression assumes a form which depends on whether π/2 cos−1( √ q/2) is a rational number, and if it is a rational number whether the denominator is an odd integer. Our consideration lealds to new summati...

(b) Give a general real solution of the homogeneous equation Ly = 0. Solution. A general solution is y = c1e −2t cos(3t) + c2e −2t sin(3t) + c3 cos(7t) + c4 sin(7t) + c5t cos(7t) + c6t sin(7t) + c7e 5t + c8t e 5t + c9t e + c10e −3t + c11 + c12t . The reasoning is as follows: • the single conjugate pair −2± i3 yields e cos(3t) and e sin(3t); • the double conjugate pair ±i7 yields cos(7t) , sin(7...

Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative bacterium that induces severely rapid pathological progress. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of two water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharides, COS A (MW, 10,000 Da) and COS B (MW, 1,000 Da), from 90-95% deacetylated chitosan, against V. vulnificus in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with COS A resulted in significantly higher suppressive eff...

Cobalt-based electrocatalysts have been considered promising materials for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we now report synthesis of vanadium-doped CoS/Co9S8 heterostructures embedded on carbon nanorods (V-CoS/Co9S8@CNR), which was realized through one-step sulfurization Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67 (ZIF-67) grown V2O5 (V2O5@ZIF-67). The results experiment and theoretical cal...

Introduction: Schizophrenia (SZ) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) both have life-long negative impacts on the individuals. In contrast to ASD, SZ occurs “rarely” in childhood (before age of 13) which is called Childhood-Onset (COS). Although COS ASD distinct pathologies, they exhibit common characteristics since were described first. One most important commonalities overlapping language comm...

The pathogens of most infectious diseases invade the host through mucosal sites, and immunization with vaccines is best means combating these diseases. Oral delivery nasal are common methods vaccination. However, process inefficient, vaccination ineffective because vaccine formulation easily rapidly removed has difficulty in crossing surface. In this paper, we investigated whether immune respon...

As a trace gas involved in hydration during plant photosynthesis, carbonyl sulfide (COS) and its leaf relative uptake rate (LRU) is used to reduce the uncertainties simulations of gross primary productivity (GPP). In this study, 101 independent observations were collected from 22 studies. We extracted LRU, stomatal conductance (gs), canopy COS carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes, relevant environmental...

This paper presents a new model for the task of contrastive opinion summarization (COS) particularly for controversial issues. Traditional COS methods, which mainly rely on sentence similarity measures are not sufficient for a complex controversial issue. We therefore propose an Expert-Guided Contrastive Opinion Summarization (ECOS) model. Compared to previous methods, our model can (1) integra...