Credit for the initial invention of the gas blowpipe has been marked by an unusually large amount of controversy (1), involving bitter charges of plagiarism and intellectual dishonesty. An example of this involves the American chemist Robert Hare,1781-1858 (2), who claimed that Edward Clarke, Professor of Mineralogy at Cambridge University (3), had falsely taken credit for the invention of the ...

Along with the great increase of internet and e-commerce, the use of credit card is an unavoidable one. Due to the increase of credit card usage, the frauds associated with this have also increased. There are a lot of approaches used to detect the frauds. In this paper, behavior based classification approach using Support Vector Machines are employed and efficient feature extraction method also...

The amount of online transactions is growing these days to a large number. A big portion of these transactions contains credit card transactions. The growth of online fraud, on the other hand, is notable, which is generally a result of ease of access to edge technology for everyone. There has been research done on many models and methods for credit card fraud prevention and detection. Artificia...

the credit portfolio management and the optimal credit portfolio selection are identified as one of the most effective factors in banks’ credit risk. two main strategies in this regard include diversification versus concentration. in this study, at first, the status of diversification of iran’s banking sector is analyzed, then the relationship between diversification of the credit portfolio and...

the letter of credit as a method of smoothing international payment is a conditional security and obligation to pay the customer bank (issuing bank) to seller (applicant). for this purpose, the letters of credit may be considered as the most usual method of payment of goods price in international trade. the classic form of letters of credit is the commercial letters of credit whose financial ob...

The credit evaluation index system is the decisive basis for investment. The existing credit evaluation systems of real estate enterprises mostly adopt the Back Propagation (BP) neural network which increasingly shows its limitations, such as slow convergent speed and easy convergence to the local minimum points. In order to evaluate the credit of real estate enterprises more reasonably and com...

BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify the longitudinal trends and characteristics of the practice of explicitly giving equal credit to multiple authors of publications in public health journals. Manual searches were conducted to identify original research articles, published in five public health journals with the highest IFs according to the "2012 JCR Science Edition" between January 1, 2004...

Using data from a credit card issuer, a neural network based fraud detection system was trained on a large sample of labelled credit card account transactions and tested on a holdout data set that consisted of all account activity over a subsequent two-month period of time. The neural network was trained on examples of fraud due to lost cards, stolen cards, application fraud, counterfeit fraud,...

The paper presents a model in which credit-constrained firms might delay the adoption of new and more productive technologies because of the very high external financing costs they face. Our point of departure is that the efficiency of the banking system can have a profound impact on real resource and investment allocation not only directly, by reducing the amount of resources channelled to the...