The ultimate litmus test of compliance theories occurs in situations where states’ interests are directly opposed, such as competing interstate claims over territory, maritime areas, and cross-border rivers. This article considers the extent to which the involvement of international institutions in the settlement of contentious issues between states bolsters compliance with agreements that are ...

introduction a considerable percentage of the world’s population is living in the coastal areas. thus, there are many different kinds of problems in these regions. because of the large amount of the people in these areas, their ecosystems are confronted with huge and serious problems. there are different types of arrangements for preventing destruction of ecosystems around the seas. unified man...

this paper presents the current activities on radiation protection in iran. according to the atomic energy organization law of iran the radiological safety is ascribed to the atomic energy organization of iran (a e o i) and the radiation protection department (r p d) is the responsible organ within aeoi. r p d since it's establishment in 1975, with the aim to ensure the protection of man and hi...

We study the role of institutional development as a causal mechanism of history affecting current economic performance. Several indicators capturing different dimensions of early development in 1500 AD are used to remove the endogenous component of the variations in institutions. These indicators are adjusted with large-scale movements of people across international borders using the global mig...

Dear Editor in chief Centers of Excellences (CoEs, also known as capability center or competency center) define as a team, a corporate group, or a shared facility that provides research, leadership, best practices, support and training for a specific area. A CoE conducts the organization as a unity in some particular area of focus such as skill, discipline, business, technology, or a broad are...

We study the determinants of international migration with special attention to the role of institutional factors other than economic and demographic fundamentals. We evaluate the impact of political institutions and of those institutions specifically targeted at attracting migrants. For a dataset on 19th century migration, we find that economic and demographic differentials play a major role, b...