We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the validity of the inequality of Simes (1986) in models with elliptical dependencies. Necessary conditions are presented in terms of sufficient conditions for the reverse Simes inequality. One application of our main results concerns the problem of model misspecification, in particular the case that the assumption of Gaussianity of test statis...

Motivated by quantum probability, Junge and Xu recently extended this result to the range 1 < p < 2. In this paper we study Burkholder’s inequality for p = 1, for which the techniques (as we shall explain) must be different. Quite surprisingly, we obtain two non-equivalent estimates which play the role of the weak type (1, 1) analog of Burkholder’s inequality. As application, we obtain new prop...

BACKGROUND The inequality of health human resource is a worldwide problem, and solving it also is one of the major goals of China's recent health system reform. Yet there is a huge disparity among cities in mainland China. The aim of this study is to analyze the distribution inequality of the health human resource in 322 prefecture-level cities of mainland China in 2014, and to reveal the facet...

Objectives: Joint attention is one of the most important prerequisite of language and social development. There are two types of joint attention, Initiating joint attention and Responding to joint attention. This study examined the development of responding to joint attention in typically developing children in 8-30 month. Methods: this study was cross-sectional. 61 children (40 female and 2...

This article evaluates the legitimacy and degree of inevitability of unequal access to medicine. The author introduces 'fractal inequality' to the access issue by using the term to describe skewed patterns in distributions of income and wealth that lead to reallocative effects of higher spending on health care by the wealthiest that can cascade down the distributive ladder. 'Fractal inequality'...

objectives: the purpose of this study was to develop an iranian hand writing speed test (i-chst) for testing of iranian students aged 8-12. to date, no  norms of handwriting speed have been published for hand-writing speed of the iranian students. methods: a sample of 400 typically developing iranian students across four age cohorts was recruited. among those 400 students 50% were girls and 50%...