STUDY OBJECTIVES To study the location, distribution, and intensity of pain in a sample of adult cardiac surgery patients during their postoperative hospital stay. DESIGN In a prospective study, pain location, distribution (number of pain areas per patient), and intensity (0 to 10 numerical rating scale) were documented on the first, second, third, and seventh postoperative day (POD). Patient...

Using three parametrizations of the gamma ray burst count data comparison is made to cosmological source models. While simple models can fit 〈V/Vmax〉 and faint end slope constraints, the addition of a logarithmic count range variable describing the curvature of the counts shows that models with no evolution or evolution power law in redshift with index less than 10 fail to satisfy simultaneousl...

Large changes in stiffness associated with cracking and yielding of reinforced concrete sections may be expected to occur during the dynamic response of reinforced concrete frames to earthquake ground shaking. These changes in stiffness in stories that experience cracking might be expected to cause relatively large peak interstory drift ratios. If so, accounting for such changes would add compl...

PURPOSE To describe the distribution of exercise types and rowing intensity in successful junior rowers and its relation to later senior success. METHODS 36 young German male rowers (31 international, 5 national junior finalists; 19.2 +/- 1.4 y; 10.9 +/- 1.6 training sessions per week) reported the volumes of defined exercise and intensity categories in a diary over 37 wk. Training categories...

Comparisons of orthologous genomic DNA sequences can be used to characterize regions that have been subject to purifying selection and are enriched for functional elements. We here present the results of such an analysis on an alignment of sequences from 29 mammalian species. The alignment captures approximately 3.9 neutral substitutions per site and spans approximately 1.9 Mbp of the human gen...

The energy flow lines (field lines of the Poynting vector) for radiation emitted by a dipole are in general curves, rather than straight lines. For a linear dipole the field lines are straight, but when the dipole moment of a source rotates, the field lines wind numerous times around an axis, which is perpendicular to the plane of rotation, before asymptotically approaching a straight line. We ...

The purpose of this paper is twofold: to propose two fast distribution functions for spotlights and to use terminology used in stage lighting to model these luminaries. In OpenGL and other API’s the original Warn model is used where the light distribution is computed using a power function. In professional modeling tools, a linear or a cubic function is often used. We propose the use of two dif...

In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), image intensity inhomogeneity hampers the quantitative analysis, e.g. segmentation or registration. Intensity inhomogeneity is an effect perceived as a smooth variation in intensities across the image. This study provides an efficient, fully automated intensity inhomogeneity correction method that makes no a priori assumptions on the image intensity distribu...

An optical implementation of iterative fractional Fourier transform algorithm is proposed and demonstrated. In the proposed implementation, the phase-shifting digital holography technique and the phase-type spatial light modulator are adopted for the measurement and the modulation of complex optical fields, respectively. With the devised iterative fractional Fourier transform system, we demonst...