The expansion of the dry grind ethanol industry provides a unique opportunity to introduce cellulose conversion technology to existing grain to ethanol plants, while enhancing ethanol yields by up to 14%, and decreasing the volume while increasing protein content of distiller's grains. The technologies required are cellulose pretreatment, enzyme hydrolysis, fermentation, and drying. Laboratory ...

In 1994, an outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infection was linked to dry, fermented, pork and beef salami. In response to this first implication of a dry fermented sausage product, the United States Department of Agriculture/Food Safety Inspection Service developed guidelines requiring sausage manufacturers to validate that their processes achieve a five-log reduction of E. coli O157:H7. Various val...

BACKGROUND Dry dilute acid pretreatment at extremely high solids loading of lignocellulose materials demonstrated promising advantages of no waste water generation, less sugar loss, and low steam consumption while maintaining high hydrolysis yield. However, the routine pretreatment reactor without mixing apparatus was found not suitable for dry pretreatment operation because of poor mixing and ...

Lambs were assigned to a 2x2 factorial design with corn or barley fed either whole or rolled. Hay was fed for ad libitum intake while concentrates were fed in similar amounts. Dry matter intake of hay, ADG, the gain:feed ratio, and warm carcass weight (WCW) were higher (P<0.05) for lambs fed corn than for those fed barley. Cereal processing had no effect (P>0.05) on hay dry matter intake, ADG, ...

The aims of this work were to identify moulds responsible for black spot spoilage in the drying and cellar stages of dry-cured ham processing and evaluate the effectiveness of preventive actions for controlling this alteration. Four mould strains isolated from spoiled hams were identified by morphological characteristics and the ITS and β-tubulin sequencing. Two of them were Cladosporium oxyspo...

We report on a method to fabricate nanometer scale mechanical structures from bulk, single-crystal Si substrates. A technique developed previously required more complex fabrication methods and an undercut step using wet chemical processing. Our method does not require low pressure chemical vapor deposition of intermediate masking layers, and the final step in the processing uses a dry etch tech...

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects that different methods for the preparation of modern plant samples have on the resulting phytoliths using rice husks (Oryza sp.). The methods that are commonly used in phytolith extraction include (1) dry ashing, (2) acid extraction (3) a combination of both techniques. The results showed that processing methods have an impact on the morpholog...

Myoglobin is a very important sarcoplasmic protein responsible for the colour of meat and meat products. This protein is degraded during post-mortem period (ageing) as well as during longer processes such as dry curing. In the present study, a total of eleven naturally generated fragments of myoglobin detected at the end of the processing of dry-cured ham have been identified for the first time...

In this paper, we present a novel rapid-prototyping process for out-of-cleanroom microfabrication of three-dimensional multilayer microfluidic structures with a 10 microm resolution, referred to as the Direct Projection on Dry-film Photoresist (DP(2)). A commercially available digital projector is customized to function as a direct mask generation and photo exposure system, while easy-processin...