The world has a shortage of financial assets. Asset supply is having a hard time keeping up with the global demand for store of value and collateral by households, corporations, governments, insurance companies, and financial intermediaries more broadly. These shortages have been a perennial problem in emerging markets, where many of their economic perils and idiosyncrasies stem from this featu...

OBJECTIVE Global achievements in health may be limited by critical shortages of health-care workers. To help guide workforce policy, we estimate the future demand for, need for and supply of physicians, by WHO region, to determine where likely shortages will occur by 2015, the target date of the Millennium Development Goals. METHODS Using World Bank and WHO data on physicians per capita from ...

This paper evaluates the financial and economic costs of reusing wastewater with reverse osmosis (R.O.) purification systems to mitigate risks near potable quality water shortages in an urban system. A distributional analysis is also undertaken identify those who bear externalities rich data set available conduct ex-post such a system operating Cyprus for several years. The levelized cost R.O. ...

introduction natural and artificial radionuclides are the main sources of human radiation exposure. these radionuclides, which are present in the environment, can be dissolved into water. evidence suggests that radionuclides being entered the human body through drinking or hot spring water can be harmful for human health. materials and methods in this study,10 samples were collected from ground...

Severe freshwater shortages and global pollution make selective removal of target ions from solutions great significance for water purification resource recovery. Capacitive deionization (CDI) removes charged molecules by applying a low applied electric field across the electrodes has received much attention due to its lower energy consumption sustainability. Its application been expanding in p...

Desalination systems driven by renewable energies are limited, and they usually have a limited capacity. They only represent about 0.02% of total desalination capacity. However, many reasons make the use of renewable energies suitable for brackish and seawater desalination. In addition to shortage of fresh water resources, Jordan is suffering from shortages in recoverable commercial energy sour...