A new subgroup of avian leukosis virus (ALV), designated subgroup J, was identified recently. Viruses of this subgroup do not cross-interfere with viruses of the avian A, B, C, D, and E subgroups, are not neutralized by antisera raised against the other virus subgroups, and have a broader host range than the A to E subgroups. Sequence comparisons reveal that while the subgroup J envelope gene i...

  One of the main problems of SMEs is how to finance their investments. The role of banks in this regard is crucial, since they can be a type of sources of financing through lending credits directly to SMEs. The key role of the paper thus relies on analyzing the effect of SMEs financing by the Iranian banking system.   The objective of this paper is to determine the influence of loans demanded...

This paper explores two related questions: Does unsecured debt help households supplement lost earnings during unemployment, and does limited access to such credit have important welfare implications? These questions have become particularly relevant as consumers increasingly rely on unsecured debt to finance consumption. Growth in unsecured debt has been most striking among the poor. Some rese...

This paper provides an analytically tractable general-equilibrium model of money demand with micro-foundations. The model is based on the incomplete-market model of Bewley (1980) where money serves as a store of value and provides liquidity to smooth consumption. The model is applied to study the e¤ects of monetary policies. It is shown that heterogeneous liquidity demand can lead to sluggish m...

We present the results from Fabry-Perot imaging spectroscopy of the Balmer-dominated supernova remnant DEM L 71 (0505−67.9 ) in the LMC. Spectra extracted from the entire circumference of the blast wave reveal the broad and narrow component Hα line emission characteristic of non-radiative shocks in partially neutral gas. The new spectra of DEM L 71 include portions of the rim that have not been...

The conventional wisdom in economic theory prescribes that the major role of the Central Bank is to design and conduct active monetary policy aiming at curbing inflation and achieving the price stability. After half a century of endeavors in attaining this target, Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran has gone through tumultuous periods gaining mixed results in its efforts. The asse...

The banks’ response to their changes in leverage ratios is examined and evaluated in this paper. This reaction can be interpreted as if the coefficient of total debts to equity (lev1) and total assets to equity (lev2) are positive as anticipated in the banking network of Iran. The paper uses data from 31 Iranian banks’ annual databases during the course of 2006-13 in order to estimate an empiri...

rence of avian leukosis virus subgroup J in commercial layer fl ocks in China. Z. Emerging of avian leukosis virus subgroup J in a fl ock of Chinese local breed [in Chinese].opment and application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for the detection of subgroup J avian leukosis virus. (exogenous avian leukosis virus, subgroup J) has an env gene related to those of en-dogenous elements EAV...

10.1056/nejmp1105645 nejm.org e51(1) to receive graduate medical training that is superb by global standards. Once in practice, they will be encouraged to uphold high quality standards through licensing and certification, activities of specialty societies, and participation in a growing array of incentive programs (e.g., quality-measure reporting, meaningful use of information technology, and c...