the chitosan nanoparticles used widely as a drug delivery systems recently. in the present study the echis carinataus snake venom loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared based on ionic gelation of tripolyphosphate and chitosan. the nanoparticles physicochemical characteristics, stability and biological activity of encapsulated venom were studied. the particles were spherical in shape and th...

Twenty new species of Scolytidae from the Mount Kinabalu area in northern Borneo (Sabah) are described: Acanthotomicus explanatus, Cyrtogenius abruptodeclivis, C. cavifrons, C. glabrata, C. kadazanus, C. lowi, C. mandibularis, C. mediosetosus, C. nodulosus, C. obesus, C. piceus, C. prinavorus, C. quercicolens, C. smetanai, C. tanae, C. tikaludus, Dryocoetes conspicuus, Scolytoplatypus carinatus...

The objective of the study is to investigate the anti-snake venom activities of a local plant, Hibiscus aethiopicus L. The H. aethiopicus was dried and extracted with ethanol. Different assays were performed according to standard techniques, to evaluate the plant's acute toxicity and its antivenom activities. The results of evaluating the systemic acute toxicity of the H. aethiopicus extract us...

permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 35,000 to 50,000 deaths are attributed to snake-bites in India each year. Annually, more than 2,000,000 snake-bites are reported in India. 1 The leading cause of fatal snakebite in India is the Viperi...

We present a normal 13-year old female who developed left cerebral infarction following envenomation by the carpet viper (Echis car inat us). We have read of only one other case of cerebral infarction following viper envenomation (Viperi russelli). Possible mechanisms for cerebral infarction in these circumstances are discussed. It is believed that this complication may be more common than is r...

Notes of Original Lesion.t-A European male, aged 51, was admitted to hospital at 7 p.m. on February 11, 1952, within half an hour of being bitten by a viperine snake on the dorsum of the left foot (specimen identified as Echis carinatus). He was treated immediately by tourniquet and incisions of the bitten area under pentothal; 10 ml. antivenine were injected locally and 10 ml. intramuscularly....

PURPOSE Integrin-mediated extracellular matrix (ECM) attachment plays an important role in vitreous contraction of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Disintegrins, a group of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing peptides from viper venom, are potential anti-adhesion agents that interfere with integrin-ECM binding. This study was performed to determine whether disintegrins were effective in inhibit...