We examine the total cross section of virtual photons on protons, σγ∗p(W , Q), at low x ∼= Q/W 2 ≪ 1 and its connection with “elastic” diffractive production γ T,Lp → X T,L p in the two-gluon exchange dynamics for the virtual forward Compton scattering amplitude. Solely based on the generic structure of twogluon exchange, we establish that the cross section is described by the (imaginary part o...

Scattering interactions of swarms in potentials that are generated by an attraction-repulsion model are studied. In free space, swarms in this model form a well-defined steady state describing the translation of a stable formation of the particles whose shape depends on the interaction potential. Thus, the collision between a swarm and a boundary or between two swarms can be treated as (quasi)-...

Excess of probabilities of the elastic processes over the inelastic ones is a common feature of the resonance phenomena described in the framework of the random matrix theory. This effect is quantitatively characterized by the elastic enhancement factor F (β) that is the typical ratio of elastic and inelastic cross-sections. Being measured experimentally, this quantity can supply us with inform...

linear dynamic response of simply supported nanobeams subjected to a variable axial force is assessed by galerkin numerical approach. constitutive behavior is described by three functional forms of elastic energy densities enclosing nonlocal and strain gradient effects and their combination. linear stationary dynamics of nanobeams is modulated by an axial force which controls the global stiffne...

near-fault ground motions have caused very much damage in the vicinity of seismic sources during recent earthquakes. it is well known that under specific circumstances, intensive ground shakings near fault ruptures may be characterized by short-duration impulsive motions. this pulse-type motion is generally particular to the forward direction, where the fault rupture propagates towards the site...

Surface excitation parameters and inelastic mean free paths of electrons are of importance in the analyses of surface sensitive electron spectroscopies. When probe electrons are near the surface of a solid or the interface of an overlayer system, electron inelastic mean free paths become depth-dependent. These mean free paths and surface excitation parameters were calculated for electrons cross...

Conventional compression strength formulas for corrugated fiberboard boxes are limited to geometry and material that produce an elastic postbuckling failure. Inelastic postbuckling can occur in squatty boxes and trays, but a mechanistic rationale for unifying observed strength data is lacking. This study employs a finite element model, instead of actual experiments, to generate experimentally d...

Surface excitations, in addition to bulk excitation, undergone by signal electrons in surface electron spectroscopies, such as Auger electron spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, play an important role in the formation of electron spectra. Those inelastic scattering processes not only induce decay in the peak intensity, but also form background appearing in the lower kinetic ener...