BACKGROUND Endemic dengue virus type 3 (DENV-3) infections have not been reported in Canton, China, since 1980. In March 2009, DENV-3 was isolated for the second time, occurring about 30 years after the previous circulation. In August, 3 other cases emerged. One much larger outbreak occurred again in 2010. To address the origin and particularly to determine whether the outbreaks were caused by ...

Although several studies have associated Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU) infection, Buruli ulcer (BU), with slow moving water bodies, there is still no definite mode of transmission. Ecological and transmission studies suggest Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) typing as a useful tool to differentiate MU strains from other Mycolactone Producing Mycobacteria (MPM). Deciphering the genetic relatedn...

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute hepatitis in humans, and strains of genotypes 1 and 2 are endemic in many regions with suboptimal sanitary conditions. In many industrialized countries, HEV strains of genotype 3 are highly endemic in swine, and an increased number of autochthonous infections with HEV genotype 3 strains have been reported lately. Serological studies of HEV infec...

this study was conducted to determine taxonomic feature of fishes from the headwaters of three riverine systems in kohgiluyeh and boyer-ahmad province (k & b) in southwestern iran during 2011 to 2013. fifteen species belonging to 4 families, and 3 orders from the karun river system, 10 species belonging to 4 families and 3 orders from the zohreh river system and 8 species belonging to 2 fam...

Maize (Zea Mays L.) production has been greatly benefited from the improvement of inbred lines in regard to resistance diseases. However, absence resistant genotypes bacteriosis is remarkable. The aim study was identify genomic regions for Mal de Río Cuarto (MRC) and bacterial disease (BD) a diverse maize germplasm evaluated Argentinian region where MRC virus endemic. A population assessed both...

Leprosy continues to be prevalent in some mountainous regions of China, and genotypes of leprosy strains endemic to the country are not known. Mycobacterium lepromatosis is a new species that was discovered in Mexico in 2008, and it remains unclear whether this species exists in China. Here, we conducted PCR- restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis to classify genotypes of 85 D...

Recently, a novel species of the genus Borreliawas identified in Bothriocroton concolor and Ixodes holocyclus ticks from echidnas. Analyses of 16S rRNA and flaB genes identified three closely related genotypes of this bacterium (Borrelia sp. Aus A-C) that were unique and distinct from previously described borreliae. Phylogenetic analyses of flaB (763 bp), groEL (1537 bp), gyrB (1702 bp) and glp...

Leprosy reaction (LR) and physical disability (PD) are the most significant clinical complications of leprosy. Herein, we assessed circulating serum-sTREM-1 TNF-α levels their genetic polymorphisms in Serum-sTREM-1 were measured leprosy patients (LP) before treatment ( n = 51) from household contacts (HHCs; 25). DNA samples genotyped using TREM-1 rs2234246 rs1800629-SNP 210 LPs 168 endemic cont...

Wild apples and their hybrids are valued as a source of genetic resistance to biotic abiotic stress. Malus niedzwetzkyana is an endangered ornamental apple species endemic Southeast Kazakhstan, the center domestication. To test fire blight M. niedzwetzkyana, eight plant genotypes were inoculated with local strain Erwinia amylovora. The possess different backgrounds, which was confirmed via SSR ...