We point out that already existing literature on relativistic collisionless MHD shocks show that the parameter σ ≡ upstream proper magnetic energy density/upstream rest mass energy density, plays an important role in determining the structure and accelerating properties of such shocks. By adopting the value of σ ≈ 0.002 which corresponds to the relativistic shock associated with the Crab nebula...

The physics of particle acceleration by collisionless shocks is addressed using analytic theory and numerical simulations. In this paper we focus on the importance of the angle between the shock normal and upstream mean magnetic field, 〈θBn〉, in determining the energy spectrum of the accelerated particles. We show that the acceleration rate is strongly dependent on θBn and is a maximum at perpe...

The interaction between a shock wave and a strong vortex is simulated systematically through solving the two-dimensional, unsteady compressible Navier–Stokes equations using a fifth-order weighted essentially nonoscillatory finite difference scheme. Our main purpose in this study is to characterize the flow structure and the generation of sound waves of the shock–strong vortex interaction. The ...

Extracorporeal shock waves are high-pressure pulses of microsecond duration clinically used for lithotripsy. Recently, shock waves been shown to cause a transient increase of the permeability of the cell membrane. We therefore hypothesized that shock waves might be able to transfer tumoricidal agents into tumor cells and examined this in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the ribosome inactivating pr...

Dispersive shock waves and solitons are fundamental nonlinear excitations in dispersive media, but dispersive shock wave studies to date have been severely constrained. Here, we report on a novel dispersive hydrodynamic test bed: the effectively frictionless dynamics of interfacial waves between two high viscosity contrast, miscible, low Reynolds number Stokes fluids. This scenario is realized ...

L∞-STABILITY OF CONTINUOUS SHOCK WAVES IN A RADIATING GAS MODEL∗ MASASHI OHNAWA† Abstract. In the present article, we study the asymptotic stability in L∞-topology of shock waves in a model system of radiating gases. It is known that the system admits discontinuous shock waves if the shock strength is strictly above a threshold value of √ 2, while if it is below (subcritical case) or equal to (...

Recent work on Fermi acceleration at ultra-relativistic shock waves has demonstrated the need for strong amplification of the background magnetic field on very short scales. Amplification of the magnetic field by several orders of magnitude has also been suggested by observations of gamma-ray bursts afterglows, both in downstream and upstream plasmas. This paper addresses this issue of magnetic...

We have examined the evolution of cylindrically symmetric blast waves produced by the deposition of femtosecond laser pulses in gas jets. In high- Z gases radiative effects become important. We observe the production of an ionization precursor ahead of the shock front and deceleration parameters below the adiabatic value of 1/2 (for a cylinder), an effect expected when the blast wave loses ener...