the role of motivation and attitude in l2 learning and their relationship with kinds of orientation which is specific to the social context has been a point of investigation for decades. this study was conducted to find the kinds of orientation (english learning reasons) specific to the social milieu of iran on the one hand, and their relationship with rnotivation and the english language profi...

This study examines developmental change in the production of epenthetic vowels by Japanese learners of English in relation to acquisition of L2 English speech rhythm. Seventy-two Japanese learners of English in the J-AESOP corpus were divided into lowerand higher-level learners according to their proficiency score and the frequency of vowel epenthesis. Three learners were excluded because no v...

Drawing on Norton Peirce's (1995) theory of investment and Darvin and Norton's (2015) expanded the model of investment, the present study aims to research investment in second language (L2) learning among Iranian English language learners. The participants included 852 male and female English language learners belonging to different age groups and English language proficiency levels. A ...

according to a basic prediction made by the revised hierarchical model (rhm,kroll & stewart, 1994), there is no l2 conceptual connection at the beginning stages of language learning as l2 learners mostly rely on l1 conceptual connections to retrieve the meaning of the l2 words.with increasing proficiency, however, there would be a direct access from l2 to the conceptual system. available litera...

The study of second language acquisition (SLA) is often hindered by substantial variability in the background of learners, their learning process and the input they receive. This diversity often makes it difficult to isolate specific learning factors and study their impact on L2 development. We present a computational study of SLA as an alternative methodological approach. By applying a usage-b...

Children with English as a second language (L2) with exposure of 18 months or less exhibit similar difficulties to children with Specific Language Impairment in tense marking, a marker of language impairment for English. This paper examines whether L2 children with longer exposure converge with their monolingual peers in the production of tense marking. Thirty-eight successive bilingual Turkish...

BACKGROUND After emergency department (ED) discharge, Spanish-speaking patients with limited English proficiency are less likely than English-proficient patients to be adherent to medical recommendations and are more likely to be dissatisfied with their visit. OBJECTIVES To determine if integrating a longitudinal medical Spanish and cultural competency curriculum into emergency medicine resid...

Even in languages that do not share script, bilinguals process cognates faster than matched noncognates in a range of tasks. The current research more fully explores what underpins the cognate 'advantage' in different script bilinguals (Japanese-English). To do this, instead of the more traditional binary cognate/noncognate distinction, the current study uses continuous measures of phonological...

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the extent to which second language (L2) pronunciation proficiency, language use, and age of L2 acquisition (AoA) are associated with variation in enhanced executive control in bilinguals. The secondary objective was to examine whether bilinguals’ executive control, as reflected in the incongruent response time for the Flanker task, differe...

Although research on multilingualism has revealed continued neuroplasticity for language-learning beyond what was previously expected, it remains controversial whether and to what extent a second language (L2) acquired in adulthood may induce changes in the neurocognitive processing of a first language (L1). First language (L1) attrition in adulthood offers new insight on neuroplasticity and th...