The emergence of water markets has heralded the prospect of increased efficiency in the use of the resource for extractive purposes such as irrigated agriculture. The separation of water title from land title has allowed trades from lower to higher values uses of water and higher water prices have increased interest in the use of capital as a substitute for water volume. However, water markets ...

Climate variability, changing land use and management, and dynamic policy environments are the main reasons why long-term research is needed to understand and predict possible water quality outcomes to alternative future scenarios. Long-term water quality data sets are needed to address these water issues. Such data sets were acquired by the USDA-ARS in three watersheds in Oklahoma: the Souther...

AIMS This paper reports a simple, rapid approach for the detection of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). METHODS AND RESULTS Direct PCR (DPCR) obviates the need for the recovery of cells from the sample or DNA extraction prior to PCR. Primers specific for Stx-encoding genes stx1 and stx2 were used in DPCR for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 added to environmental water samp...

Not all health risk assessment is of a formal and extensive nature. At times a ‘back-of-the-envelope’, or quick screening assessment, based on few or limited data may be appropriate. It may consist solely of discussion with a member of the public over the phone concerning a soil, water, food or air sample and its comparison with some national or internationally accepted standard or guideline; o...

The requirement to monitor the chemical quality of water has become one of the major issues in environmental analytics. Ionmobility spectrometry (IMS), a fast, sensitive method traditionally used in security and military applications, is also suitable for environmental analysis and detection of organic pollutants from aqueous matrices, when combined with advantageous methods to isolate analytes...

Analytical techniques for the detection of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo(5.5.0.05,9.03,11)dodecane (CL-20) in water and soil are developed by adapting methods traditionally used for the analysis of nitroaromatics. CL-20 (a new explosives compound) is thermally labile, exhibits high polarity, and has low solubility in water. These constraints make the use of specialized...

Tritium activity concentration in Danube river water in Serbia has been determinate using a liquid scintillation counter Quantulus 1220. During December 2010, water samples were taken along the entire course of Danube through Serbia, from HungarianSerbian to Romanian-Serbian border. This investigation is very important because of the nearness of nuclear reactor Paks in Hungary. Sample preparati...

We studied a group of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who were chronically exposed to arsenic through drinking water to identify the pregnancy outcomes in terms of live birth, stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, and preterm birth. We compared pregnancy outcomes of exposed respondents with pregnancy outcomes of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who were not exposed to arsenic-contami...