We analyse the system of ethical review of human research in the Baltic States by introducing the principle of equivalent stringency of ethical review, that is, research projects imposing equal risks and inconveniences on research participants should be subjected to equally stringent review procedures. We examine several examples of non-equivalence or asymmetry in the system of ethical review o...

E. Nemitz, M. A. Sutton, G. P. Wyers, R. P. Otjes, M. G. Mennen, E. M. van Putten, and M. W. Gallagher Atmospheric Sciences, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Postbus 1, 1755 Petten ZG, The Netherlands National Institute of Public Health and Environment ...

We are entering an era where “intelligent” machines have unprecedented power over humans, including, sometimes, the literal power of life and death. Machine learning algorithms are increasingly used to classify humans as suspected terrorists or deserving recipients of financial aid. While military drones are currently flown by human operators, discussions about fully autonomous robotic soldiers...

There are three working theses formulated and proved in the paper. First, business ethics as a science not wishful thinking, encounters following, impossible to overcome, difficulties: Lack of precise definition ethics, Ethical relativism, Strong competition on national, international, global market, Shareholders’ interests vs. social responsibility company, Objective (based scientific laws) li...

background as a legitimate and credible role-model, the ethical nurse leader engages in the proper structuring of the workplace and plays a significant role in improving the organizational climate. despite the importance of the subject, no studies have yet examined the effect of ethical nursing leadership in improving organizational climates in iran. objectives the study was conducted to explor...

This paper proposes a prosodic structure and the tonal pattern of Georgian, the national language of Georgia. The language has three prosodic units above the Word: Intonation Phrase (IP), Intermediate Phrase (ip), and Accentual Phrase (AP). All these units are marked by a boundary tone, but an AP in Georgian is unique typologically in that it has pitch accent linked to a stressed syllable and p...

Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) face unique challenges since it must achieve a double bottom line— outreach and sustainability. So is microfinance worthwhile or worthless? The proper performance measurement framework here is a better way to judge this than a simple measure of numbers. This paper seeks to present, to MFIs, a new rigorous performance measurement framework that incorporates the b...