background and objective: the present study investigated executive functions in students with high functioning autism (hfa) and students with educable down syndrome (ds) with normal healthy students.     methods: fifteen boy students with hfa, 15 boy students with educable intellectual disability and 15 normal healthy boy students (aged between¬ 7-15 years) were recruited from educational servi...

The generation of random sequences is considered to tax different executive functions. To explore the involvement of these functions further, brain potentials were recorded in 16 healthy young adults while either engaging in random number generation (RNG) by pressing the number keys on a computer keyboard in a random sequence or in ordered number generation (ONG) necessitating key presses in th...

A major goal of neuropsychological assessment is predicting a person's level of functioning in daily life. Making predictions about everyday executive functioning based on tests is problematic because of the contrast between demands made in the test environment and demands made in everyday life (Shallice & Burgess, 1991). As executive functions play an important role in independent functioning,...

The present paper by Krawczyk et al. (2010) adds to a growing list of studies that have shown analogical reasoning to be critically dependent on what is known as executive functioning in the neuropsychological literature, and working memory in the cognitive (neuro)science literature. Specifically, analogy requires the maintenance, manipulation, and selective activation (or inhibition) of mental...

I. Definition of Executive Functions. Executive functions are the control functions of the brain. They enable humans to learn, adapt to our environment and live a successful and productive life. They are critical for success socially, academically and vocationally. In many ways, the brain’s executive functions are like an executive in a large business. They include setting short and long-term g...

Executive functions comprise of top-down cognitive processes that exert control over information processing, from acquiring to issuing a behavioral response. These inhibition, working memory, and flexibility underpin complex skills, such as episodic memory planning, which have been repeatedly investigated in several bird species recent decades. Until recently, avian executive were studied relat...