Abstract The most promising standard machine learning methods can deliver highly accurate classification results, often outperforming white-box methods. However, it is hardly possible for humans to fully understand the rationale behind black-box and thus, these powerful hamper creation of new knowledge on part broader acceptance this technology. Explainable Artificial Intelligence attempts over...

Abstract I propose a qualitative Bayesian account of explanatory goodness that is analogous to the incremental confirmation. This achieved by means complexity criterion according which an explanation h good if reduction in explanandum e brought about (the gain) greater than additional introduced context cost). To illustrate account, apply it ad hoc hypotheses.

BACKGROUND Reliability and validity are the key concepts in measurement processes. Young internet addiction test (YIAT) is regarded as a valid and reliable questionnaire in English speaking countries for diagnosis of Internet-related behavior disorders. OBJECTIVES This study aimed at validating the Persian version of YIAT in the Iranian society. PATIENTS AND METHODS A pilot and a cross-sect...

than the sorts of grammars associated with generative grammar. It is not clear, in particular, that speakers make any generalizations across phrasal categories and hence it is not clear that there is any need for notions like ‘head’, ‘complement’, ‘adjunct’, or ‘specifier’. Again, the claim of this Descriptive theories and explanatory theories 221 paper is that the sort of grammars that use bas...

Recent studies of exceptional language development and functioning in mentally retarded people raise questions regarding basic issues in language disorders. These studies are summarised and their implications discussed. Possible reasons for the existence of such cases are examined including language training, general cognitive functioning, working memory, cerebral dominance, and deep-seated var...

The verbalization of the concept WORD / LANGUAGE SPEECH is a complex phenomenon viewed from point view new humanitarian branch – dual linguistics, combination scientific and naive interpretation language in contemporary English lexicography. Language means verbalizing explaining such interrelated notions as language, word, speech, constitutes mosaic-like unity nominative units fixed current lex...