many factors may be involved in determining why some students are more and some are less proficient in language. this study tried to explore the factors affecting iranian efl learners’ proficiency. 221 students at second, third and fourth year of university, including 50 male and 171 female were selected randomly to participate in the study. a researcher-made questionnaire and a proficiency tes...

neighborhood attachment is closely related to concrete and abstract conceptions that set the scene for a variety of interactions among the residents. it is on the basis of social-physical location which happens over time. neighborhood attachment also enhances the possibility of residents’ social participation in urban neighborhoods and has a bilateral relationship with residents’ satisfaction. ...

background :traffic and transport is a substantial part of a range of economic, social and environmental factors distinguished to have impact on human health. this paper is a report on a preliminary section of a health impact assessment (hia) on urban traffic and transport initiatives, being conducted in sanandaj, iran. in this preliminary study, the psychometric properties of urban traffic rel...

reluctance towards implementation of precision agriculture (pa) seems to be based on lackof consideration to education, extension, and research sectors. the objective of this study isto identify educational, extensional, and research requirements in application of the pasystem. the research population included all the experts in qazvin province who are familiarwith pa concepts and pa’s equipmen...

better understanding and recognizing the amount of cultural development in iranian provinces and comparing them, causes a particular attention and helps to recognize their weaknesses, strengths, potentialities and deficiencies. the purpose of this paper is to analyze cultural development indicators in iran. the writers of this article present an applied research and use a comparative method. us...

Background: Long-term financial support is essential for the survival of a charitable organization. Health charities need to identify the effective factors influencing donor retention. Methods: In the present study, the items of a questionnaire were derived from both literature review and semi-structured interviews related to donor retention. Using a purposive sampling, 300 academic and exec...

The paper presents a multi-factor decision-making approach for prioritizing failure modes as an alternative to traditional approach of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA). The approach is based on the ‘technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution’ (TOPSIS). The priority ranking is formulated on the basis of six parameters (failure occurrence, non-detection, maintainability...

factor demand behavior such as energy demand has an important role in the economic analysis. this issue is a major concern in the developing countries (e.g. iran) which are benefited from vast energy resources. in this paper, the third generation of factor demand models is used to analyze the behavior of capital adjustment in the iranian manufacturing industries. the dataset covers the two-digi...