Solar irradiance is the main external driver of the Earth’s climate. Whereas the 3 total solar irradiance is the main source of energy input into the climate system, solar UV ir4 radiance exerts control over chemical and physical processes in the Earth’s upper atmosphere. 5 The time series of accurate irradiance measurements are, however, relatively short and limit 6 the assessment of the solar...

A simple yet accurate analytical formula is proposed to compute total and photosynthetically available solar irradiance at the ocean surface under clear skies. The formula takes into account the most important processes occurring within the atmosphere, namely, scattering by molecules and aerosols and absorption by water vapor, ozone, and aerosols. These processes are parameterized as a function...

DNA microarray technology was applied to gain insight into the role of the redox state of PQ pool as a retrograde factor mediating differential expression of Arabidopsis nuclear genes during the acclimation to changing irradiance. DNA microarray chips containing probes corresponding to 24 000 Arabidopsis nuclear genes were screened with cRNA samples prepared from leaves of plants exposed for 5 ...

DNA microarray technology was applied to gain insight into the role of the redox state of PQ pool as a retrograde factor mediating differential expression of Arabidopsis nuclear genes during the acclimation to changing irradiance. DNA microarray chips containing probes corresponding to 24,000 Arabidopsis nuclear genes were screened with cRNA samples prepared from leaves of plants exposed for 5 ...

Solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiance is a key driver of climatic and biotic change. Ultraviolet irradiance modulates stratospheric warming and ozone production, and influences the biosphere from ecosystem-level processes through to the largest scale patterns of diversification and extinction. Yet our understanding of ultraviolet irradiance is limited because no method has been validated to reconst...

Three-wavelength integrating nephelometer measurements combined with short(SW) and long-wave (LW) irradiance measurements were used to investigate the irradiance effects on the daily evolution of the particulate matter (PM) at the ground level, and contribute to the characterization of the land–atmosphere interaction in pollution dispersal. The integrating nephelometer measurements have allowed...

Effects of high irradiance and moderate heat on photosynthesis of the tree-fern Dicksonia antarctica (Labill., Dicksoniaceae) were examined in a climate chamber under two contrasting irradiance regimes (900 and 170mmol photonsm s) and three sequential temperature treatments (15 C; 35 C; back to 15 C). High irradiance led to decline in predawn quantum yield of photochemistry, Fv/Fm (0.73), maxim...

Availability of effective estimation of the power profiles of photovoltaic systems is essential for studying how to increase the share of intermittent renewable sources in the electricity mix of many countries. For this purpose, weather forecasts, together with historical data of the meteorological quantities, provide fundamental information. The weak point of the forecasts depends on variable ...

Computing direct illumination from area light sources involving shadowing remains a perrenial and yet difficult problem in rendering. Illumination is formalized as the radiometric quantity of irradiance and is a function of surface position. This work investigates the irradiance surface function, and develops closed-form expressions for shadowed irradiance in polygonal and polyhedral environmen...

The peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plant is indeterminate in growth habit and day-neutral with respect to flower initiation. The Spanish-type cultivar used in this study begins flowering 3 to 4 weeks from planting under optimum environmental conditions. In this study, irradiance and photoperiod were used to alter the development of the peanut plant. Plants grown at low irradiance (300 microeinste...