Early diagnosis and management of strabismus is needed to avoid complications such as amblyopia. In this retrospective cohort study we reviewed the profile and surgical outcome of vertical strabismus patients attending a clinic in Yazd city in the Islamic Republic of Iran. From the medical files of 265 patients, 19.2% were found to have pure vertical deviation and 80.8% had combined horizontal ...

Early visual areas have neuronal receptive fields that form a sampling mosaic of visual space, resulting in a series of retinotopic maps in which the same region of space is represented in multiple visual areas. It is not clear to what extent the development and maintenance of this retinotopic organization in humans depend on retinal waves and/or visual experience. We examined the corticocortic...

Contrast constancy across changes in mean luminance was reported to hold over a wide range of luminances in a few studies and to be limited to approximately 1 log unit in another. The studies reporting contrast constancy over a wide luminance range used extended grafting stimuli presented dichoptically (bright stimulus to one eye and dim stimulus to the other) with long adaptation periods. The ...

background to identify the clinical features in eyes with intraocular foreign bodies (iofbs) and evaluate the results of surgical management in these cases. material and methods in a descriptive retrospective study, the records of 32 eyes of 32 patients with iofbs were reviewed. all eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy between april 2001 and february 2012. the iofbs were removed either with int...

A micro-prism film, with spectral characteristics, is attached on a display panel to show images appearing with + 10° ~ + 50° and -10° ~-50° bright regions and with a + 10° ~-10° dark region. When both eyes separately receive the bright region and the dark region of an image, interocular delay would appear to generate a stereo perception. With the optical simulation software, LightTools 7.3.0, ...

Background: The effect of corticosteroid therapy on corneal wound healing is controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of combination therapy with dexametha-sone and acetylcysteine at different times and durations on experimentally-induced corneal wounds and haze in rabbits. Methods: Eighteen adult New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three groups of ...

purpose : vitreoretinal surgery can be difficult or impossible in patients with corneal opacity. one solution for this problem is use of temporary keratoprosthesis (tkp). we report anatomical and visual outcomes of this combined surgery in our institution. methods : we retrospectively reviewed charts of patients in whom a tkp was used between 2006 and 2010 with follow-up of at least six months....

Purpose Management scholars investigated the motivational aspects of volunteers, mainly focusing on their positive reciprocity – individuals feel obligated to reciprocate whenever they receive benefits from others but neglected possible role negative reciprocity, tendency retaliate in case mistreatments. Based functions theory and norm this paper proposes a framework assessing other-oriented se...