Calculations are described of knock suppression using direct ethanol injection in spark ignition gasoline/ethanol engines. The calculations show that evaporative cooling from direct ethanol injection, coupled with the high octane rating of ethanol, can be highly effective in inhibiting knock, thereby allowing use of small turbocharged engines with substantially increased efficiency. The calcula...

In recent years sustainability has become a ‘hot topic’ and something al organisations want to be seen as being identified with. The twin disciplines of quality and HRM have joined this bandwagon. In HR terms this has meant a shift in emphasis away from human management to resource management with the argument that organisations need to allow the needs and aspirations of individuals to be place...

Executive Summary. One widely reported prediction is that the emergence of the web as an open medium for commerce threatens the role of the real estate agent as a market intermediary. In their 1997 article, for example, Baen and Guttery predicted that the increased use of the Internet and information technology would lead to a downsizing of the entire industry. However, recent Bureau of Labor S...

Senones were introduced to share Hidden Markov model (HMM) parameters at a sub-phonetic level in [3] and decision trees were incorporated to predict unseen phonetic contexts in [4]. In this paper, we will describe two applications of the senonic decision tree in (1) dynamically downsizing a speech recognition system for small platforms and in (2) sharing the Gaussian covariances of continuous d...

The potential for human resource management to enhance the competitiveness of U.S. life insurance companies has received little attention in the past. Our evidence suggests that U.S. life insurance firms give little attention to consciously aligning their human resource systems with the requirements of their competitive strategies. We also find evidence suggesting that care in preserving relati...

There is a trend that lower mass galaxies form stars at later epochs. This downsizing of star-forming galaxies has been attributed to hydrodynamical or radiative feedback processes that regulate star formation. However, here we explain the downsizing by gravitational processes alone, in the bottom-up scenario where galaxies evolve from subgalactic-scale objects. Within a region of the initial d...

This panel study examined the reactions of 187 federal government employees aged 45 and older during the initial phase of a large-scale downsizing and 20 months later. There were few significant differences in the reactions of older men and women. Respondents in management positions reported significantly more positive attitudes toward their job and the organization than did respondents in nonm...

We estimate a random utility model of demand to measure consumer response to package downsizing in consumer goods markets. To our knowledge this paper provides the first estimates of consumer response to package size. We perform the analysis using Nielsen Homescan data on bulk ice cream purchases of a panel of households in Chicago, between 1998 and 2007. The estimation framework involves model...